【作者】 王图展；

【导师】 周应恒；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 产业集聚是世界性的经济现象，不仅在发达国家存在，发展中国家同样表现出经济活动的集聚趋势。由于产业集聚效应有利于促进经济发展，各国政府迫切希望弄清产业集聚的演变规律，以便制定相应的经济发展战略和产业政策。然而，对于产业集聚的形成机理问题，学术界并没有达成一致性意见。 过去的新经济地理学研究普遍强调报酬递增、地方市场规模等绝对优势对产业集聚的决定作用，由于对比较优势的片面理解和运用，在那些精美的数学模型中，比较优势对于产业集聚的影响往往被认为是不重要的。本文以我国食品工业的区域布局为切入点，将现代贸易理论对比较优势内涵的拓展带入对产业集聚的分析框架，通过对食品工业与关联产业特别是与农业的关联效应变动规律，以及食品工业显示性比较优势变动格局的把握，研究了影响食品工业(资金要素)空间集聚的经济因素及其作用机理，特别是市场关联效应和比较优势在其中发挥的重要作用，最终对食品工业的实证分析获得了与理论假说完全一致的检验结果。本文的理论与实证分析结论对政府宏观经济决策提供了相应的理论依据与实践参考。 本文共分8个部分，主要的研究内容和结论如下： 第一，改革开放以来，我国食品工业产值迅速增长，近年来的区域分工水平也有所提高。我国食品工业增长得益于市场需求扩大及结构变化、经济体制改革、物质要素投入以及技术进步等。但与世界食品工业相比，我国食品工业与农业的产值之比还很低，区域布局也不尽合理。同时，通过区位基尼系数等指标的测算，本文发现，近年来我国食品工业存在一定程度的空间集聚和沿海性的区域布局特征，山东、广东、江苏和浙江等地是食品工业的主要集聚区域，而且，改建的行业分工指数的测算结果也表明，近年来我国食品工业的区域分工水平有所提高。 第二，我国食品工业与农业的市场关联性有所降低，各子行业之间及与农业的市场关联性存在差异。通过对可比价I／O表的动态分析，本文发现，改革开放以来我国食品工业与农业的市场关联性有所减弱，食品工业对农业的原料依赖性下降而与其他工业部门的关联性有所增强，食品工业发展对农业的带动作用显现不足。与日本这样的发达国家比较来看，未来我国食品工业与农业的市场关联性还有可能继续下降。进更多还原

【Abstract】 Agglomeration is a worldwide economic phenomenon. Not only in developed countries, developing countries show similar trends in economic activity together. Owing to agglomeration promoting economic development, governments eager to find out the evolution laws of agglomeration to develop appropriate economic development strategies and industrial policies. However, to the issue of mechanisms for the formation of agglomeration, there is no a concurrence of ideas in academy.Past new economic geography research has stressed in absolute advantage such as increasing returns and local market scale affecting agglomeration, due to one-sided understanding and using comparative advantages, comparative advantage affecting agglomeration is often regarded as unimportant in those beautiful mathematical models. This paper cut in the issue from the regional distribution of our food industry. Through taking expanding comparative advantage of modern trade theory into the framework, grasping the markets relationship changing laws between food industry and related industries especially agriculture, and the food industry’s shown comparative advantages changing, this paper studied the economic factors that affect food industry (capital elements) spatial gathering and the impact mechanisms, in particular the important effect of markets relationship and comparative advantage. Ultimately tested results of empirical analysis of the food industry were fully consistent with the theoretical hypothesis. The theoretical and empirical analysis results were corresponding references for the macroeconomic policy-making.This paper has been divided into eight parts, the main research contents and conclusions were:Part 1: since the reform and opening up, China’s food industry has growing rapidly, and the level of the regional division has been increased in recent years. The growth of food industry was beneficial from the expanding and structure changing of market, economic restructuring, material factor inputting and technical progress. However, compared with the world’s food industry, the ratio of the output of China’s food industry to agriculture is still更多还原