【作者】 王树起；

【导师】 沈其荣；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 植物营养， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 我国是淡水资源非常缺乏的一个国家，65％～80％的淡水用于农业灌溉用水。传统的水稻淹水栽培对淡水资源的消耗量非常巨大，但是水分利用效率非常低下。旱作水稻作为一种全新的农业节水栽培方式，一般可以节约水资源90％～100％，不但具有巨大的节水效益，而且可以获得和淹水栽培相同或相近的产量。水稻(Oryza sativa L.,Teyou 559)旱作的成功实践使得旱作水稻可以和豆科作物间作，而豆科作物／禾本科作物间作系统往往具有明显的产量优势和高的资源利用效率，也是可持续农业发展的重要内容。花生(Arachis hypogaea L.,Luhua 9)是一种重要的经济作物，本研究采用土培、砂培和水培试验对旱作水稻／花生间作间作系统在2003～2004年进行了研究，旨在揭示旱作水稻和花生间作的产量优势，并研究了旱作水稻／花生间作系统作物根系分泌氮的特性以及种间竞争对作物根系分布、氮素吸收积累以及生物固氮的影响。 1．采用根系分隔(包括塑料膜隔、尼龙网隔、不分隔和完全单作处理)的方法研究了水稻／花生间作系统的生物产量及氮素营养优势，试验结果表明：1) 水稻和花生间作有产量优势和氮素营养优势，根系不分隔处理(完全间作)的水稻生物量与尼龙网隔和塑料膜隔处理的相比，其地上部干重增加幅度分别为11.5％和59.5％，根干重增加幅度分别为41.6％和145.6％；2) 水稻和花生间作可以明显提高水稻的产量，水稻籽粒产量增加了44.4％。在不同分隔方式中，以间作不分隔对水稻产量影响最为显著，影响次序为间作不分隔＞尼龙网隔＞塑料膜隔，不同分隔方式对花生产量影响较小；3) 水稻与花生间作明显提高了水稻体内的氮素含量，水稻单作和间作叶片的含氮量分别为11.2g kg-1和13.9g kg-1，间作比单作提高了23.5％，不同分隔方式中，间作不隔＞尼龙网隔＞塑料膜隔。但花生间作后，叶片的含氮量下降，间作花生比单作减少了4.9％，间作不隔＜尼龙网隔＜塑料膜隔。表明间作促进了水稻体内氮的吸收积累，根系和养分间的相互作用使水稻体内氮的吸收积累增加。 2．采用根系分隔处理的方法研究了水稻／花生间作系统中花生的生物固氮效率更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice plants could be cultivated in aerobic soil and reach yields of 7500-8500 kg ha’1, similar to those of rice cultivated in waterlogged soil. The successful practice of rice cultivation in aerobic condition could saves substantive irrigating water and also makes it possible to intercrop rice with legumes. Peanut is often used as a component crop in intercropping systems, and rice crops consume almost 30% of the chemical nitrogen fertilizers in China. Therefore, a new intercropping system of peanut with rice is of great significance in development of sustainable agriculture in China.The novel cultivation of paddy rice variety in aerobic soil reveals a great potential not only for water-saving agriculture but also for the rice intercropping with legumes, both of which are closely related to sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, root partition experiments were carried out to investigate yield advantages in intercropping system of peanut with rice crop cultivated in aerobic soil and the effects of intercropping system on soil N fertility and interspecific competition on root distribution were also studied in field condition. Sand sulture and solution culture experiments were then done to examine the excretion of nitrogenous compounds by the root of peanut intercropped with rice at different growth stages such as seedling, flowering and pod-filling stage of peanut crop, and a field experiment was conducted to investigated the interaction between rice and peanut in mixed cropping and peanut crop was inoculated with rihzobium. The main results were as follows:1. Using root partition technique to investigate the biomass and yield advantage in rice and peanut intercropping system. The results showed that 1) yield advantage and nitrogen更多还原