【作者】 王肃；

【导师】 雷海章；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 作为市场经济的必然产物或重要的组成部分，农民要融入市场，农业要进行产业化，农村与城镇一体化，共同运行经济循环圈。而订单农业正是这种经济运行体制的表现形式。从80年代末90年代初在我国诞生开始，订单农业就以合乎社会经济发展潮流的姿态获得了政府、农户、企业、农民合作经济组织、批发市场以及其他中介组织的青睐，并以星火燎原之势在全国范围内蔓延。农业部2002年在29个省的调查资料表明，在调查的11824个农业产业化经营组织中，运用合同制的为8377个，占总数的70.9％。 但我国的订单农业却是在蹒跚着前行，尽管各参与者努力探索着这种生产经营方式。对利益的追逐的自利本性使参与者的行为频频出轨，步伐的混乱导致订单农业出现了失范与无序状态。例如政府主体的错位；政府监管的乏力，以至违约频发、订单履约率仅为20％，纠纷难解、违约得不到惩罚有时反而得利；本应是履行者的农户与企业没有理性回归；对合同的认知模糊；合同签订与履行的无规；对合同农户的垄断与欺诈等等。订单农业的失范和无序挫伤了当事者继续实施订单农业的积极性，败坏了订单农业的声誉，严重影响了订单农业的扩展进程。 经济学界与法律学界专家学者在体察和赞同订单农业之于我国农业经济的重要性的同时，也敏锐地观察和感悟到了订单农业在我国的困境与无奈，他们运用古典或新古典经济学、制度经济学或新制度经济学、契约经济学、法律经济学乃至博弈论以及法律的理论与分析方法对订单农业展开多角研究，分析订单农业存在的价值、解剖发现的问题、寻找解决问题的路径，提出了许多极具建设性的意见和建议，为订单农业的发展提供了理论支撑。但是如果仅仅从有限的几个经济或法律角度进行研究，尚显单调单薄而且欠缺立体，使我们不能对订单农业进行多方位的全面审视，这会制约订单农业的顺利运行和发展。订单农业是个复杂的问题，牵涉的面极其广泛，应该运用多个学科从多个维度结合起来去进行分析与探讨，如此才能得到对订单农业运行机制的较为完整的立体解析。正是基于此，本文才得以产生。 本文在研究订单农业包括运行机制在内的相关问题时，选择了以法律分析为主线的方法，并运用经济学与博弈论的研究成果和分析工具进行了订单农业的法律经济有关内容的探讨。概括地说，即是运用法律的思维把各种主体从经济现象中抽象出来，把研究的重点放在订单农业如何规范有序的运行上，放在各参与主体如何从法律制度以及相关制度乃至文化中获取订单农业顺利运行的动力、激励与效用上，放在法律与相关制度因素如何影响各参与主体的收入函数上，从而改变人们对订单农业合同履行的预期，指引人们按预定轨道或期望的轨道运作与发展订单农业。本更多还原

【Abstract】 The participation of farmers, industrialization of agriculture, and integration of village and towns, all as the necessities and important parts of the market economy, are working together to keep the economy circle in operation. While contract farming is just one form of this economy system. Started from the late 1980s and early 1990s, contract farming has received great interests from the government, farmers, enterprises, agricultural cooperative organizations, wholesale market and other agencies. Contract farming goes with the tide of the economic development and spreads rapidly throughout the entire country. The investigation conducted by ministry of agriculture in 2002, which covered 11824 industrialized agricultural units of 29 provinces, showed that 8377 (70.9%) were practicing contract system.Although kinds of participants are exerting their effort, contract farming is staggering forward in China. The nature of pursuing interests enables the activity of the participators off the track frequently, which makes the contract farming in irregular and disorder. For example, misfit of the government subject, the weakness of the government supervision, frequent breach of the contract, fulfillment of the contract at the rate of only 20%, the difficulty of solving the dispute, benefits instead of penalty gained by the defaulter, no logical regression of the farmers and enterprises as the discharger, the vague perception about the contract, the disorder during the process of signing and fulfilling the contract, the monopoly and deceit to the farmers and enterprises, etc. This irregularity and disorder discouraged the participators, destroyed reputation of contract farming, and greatly influenced its development process.Many researchers in the area of the agricultural economy realized the importance of contract farming. At the same time, they also observed and felt the embarrassment and predicament of the contract farming experienced in China. They apply the basic theories and analytical methods of the classical and neoclassical economics, institutional and neo-institutional economics, contract economics, and game theory into the contract farming, in order to make the research from many points of view. They analyze the value of contract farming; find the existing problem and the relevant solution; bring out lot of constructive advice and suggestion, and provide the theoretical support for the development of contract farming. Compared with the research overseas, however, we still need further explore this topic. Contract farming, a complicated topic covering a wide range, needs to be analyzed and discussed in multi-dimensions, so as to get a comprehensive analysis into the operational system of the contract farming. That is just where this article comes from.This researches into the contract fanning and its operational system, is mainly conducted from the view of law analysis. And the article applies the research results and更多还原