现阶段破解“三农”问题的制度分析

【作者】 王峰；

【导师】 许经勇；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 经济思想史， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 农业、农村和农民问题,即“三农”问题,是我国社会经济发展过程中结构性、体制性矛盾长期积累的产物。现阶段,我国农业不仅发展后劲不足、农业发展水平还不能满足国民经济发展的需求,而且整个农村经济社会发展中深层次矛盾日趋激化,特别是农民增收缓慢已成为影响我国现代化进程和实现全面建设小康社会目标的焦点和难点。从一定意义上讲,目前的“三农”问题已经和过去的农业问题发生了质的变化。如果说过去的农业问题主要表现在宏观经济层面上的诸如粮食产量、农业产业等问题的话,那么,现在的“三农”问题则已经从单纯的国民经济协调发展问题演变成一个以收入分配、公平待遇为核心的社会经济问题。因此,在工业化进程的背景之下,应坚定不移地推行统筹城乡经济社会发展战略,从体制上清除城乡协调发展的障碍,从缓解长期形成的二元经济社会结构矛盾入手,进行制度创新,从根本上改革计划经济体制渗透到农村经济、政治、社会等方面形成的体制,建立起社会主义市场经济条件下城乡经济社会一体化协调发展的机制,一揽子解决当前“三农”所面临的各种尖锐矛盾,真正从根本上解决好“三农”问题,这是我国当前艰巨而又紧迫的任务。本文以马克思主义经济学的基本原理和科学方法为指导,同时借鉴西方经济学合理有益的研究成果,对我国现阶段“三农”问题进行深入的研究。认为,当前“三农”问题的实质是农民问题,核心是农民增收缓慢,根源在于体制性障碍。文章首先对“三农”问题的实质进行深入的剖析。紧紧抓住如何破解农民增收缓慢这一核心问题,对农村产权制度、农村富余劳动力转移、土地征用制度、农村经营体制、农村财政与税收制度、农村金融体制、农村教育体制和乡镇管理体制等八个方面的体制障碍进行详尽的探讨,与此同时,相应地提出其制度创新的具体措施和基本内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 The issues of the agriculture, countryside and farmers are byproducts which have accumulated over an extended period of time during the course of China’s socioeconomic development as a result of structural and institutional conflicts. At the current stage, agricultural development is insufficient to meet the needs of the development of the national economy and has weak subsequent growth momentum; moreover, the deep-seated conflicts in the socioeconomic development in the entire countryside are flaring up; in particular, the slow growth of farmers’incomes has become the focal point and a thorny issue affecting China’s modernization process and its efforts to realize the objective of building a comprehensive well-off society. In this sense, the existing issues of the countryside, agriculture and farmers, if compared with previous agricultural problems, have undergone a qualitative change. While the previous agricultural problems might mainly be manifested on the macro economic level in aspects such as grain output and agricultural industry, the existing issues of the countryside, agriculture and farmers have evolved from a pure issue about the coordinated development of the national economy into a socioeconomic problem centered on income distribution and fair treatment. Thus, against the background of the industrialization process, strong efforts must be made to unswervingly implement the strategy of unified development of urban and rural social development, in order to dismantle the institutional obstacles which have been hindering the coordinated urban and rural development; starting with the efforts to alleviate and eventually eliminate the conflicts in the dualistic economic structure which has evolved over an extended period of time, institutional innovations must be practiced in order to fundamentally reform institutions in rural economy, politics and society which have taken shape under the penetrative effect of the planned economy, to build a mechanism for integrated coordinated development of urban and rural economy and society under the social market economic conditions, and to tackle the wide-ranging intractable更多还原