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几类反应扩散方程(组)解的整体存在性与爆破模式
Global Existence and Blow-up Profiles for the Solutions of Some Reaction-diffusion Equations
【作者】 陈琼;
【导师】 穆春来;
【作者基本信息】 四川大学 , 应用数学, 2005, 博士
【摘要】 反应扩散方程涉及的大量问题来自于物理学、化学和生物学中的数学模型,具有强烈的实际背景;另一方面,在反应扩散方程的研究中,对数学也提出了许多挑战性的问题。因此,近二十多年来,愈来愈多的数学家、物理学家、化学家、生物学家和工程师致力于反应扩散方程的研究。本文讨论几类反应扩散方程(组)解的定性性质:具有局部源的初值问题和具有非局部源的初边值问题解的整体存在性和有限时刻爆破的条件,同时爆破,爆破集,爆破解的爆破率、渐近行为等。本文主要内容安排如下: 第一章考虑一类弱藕合的反应扩散方程组u_t-△u=t~μ|x|~mv~p,v_t-△v=t~σ|x|~nu~q的Cauchy问题。通过采用分析迭代技巧,得到了该问题的Fujita型爆破临界指数。具体地,定义γ=max{p+np/2+m/2+σp+μ,q+mq/2+n/2+μq+σ},则当1<pq<1+2(1+γ)/N时,问题的所有非平凡解在有限时刻爆破;当pq>1+2(1+γ)/N,且初值充分大时解在有限时刻爆破;当pq>1+2(1+γ)/N,若进一步假设p>1,q>1,则初值充分小时存在整体解。该结论说明空间变量和时间变量的指数同时对方程组的Fujita型爆破临界指数产生影响。 第二章,我们讨论含有空间和时间积分的非局部反应项的半线性积分微分方程组在Dirichlet边值下解的爆破性质和渐近行为。我们首先证明了关于微分不等式组的一个新的性质。结合特征函数,在对指数作了适当的限制条件下,我们得到了对任何非负非平凡初值,解在有限时间爆破,这不同于一般文献中要在大初值下才发生爆破的结论;其次,我们给出了爆破集;最后,在一定的假设条件下,我们得到了爆破解的渐近行为的精确的描述。
【Abstract】 Reaction-diffusion equations come from many mathematical models in physics, chemistry and biology, which have strongly practical background; on the other hand, in the studying of reaction-diffusion equation, many important problems are developed. In the recent twenties years, reaction-diffusion equations are investigated by more and more mathematicians, physicists, chemists, biologists and engineers. This paper deals with global existence and blow-up profiles for the solutions of some classes of reaction-diffusion equations.In chapter 1, we deal with the Cauchy problem for weakly coupled reaction-diffusion system u_t — Δu = t~μ|x|~mv~p, v_t — Δv = t~σ|x|~nu~q. By the technique of analysis and iteration, we get the Fujita-type blow-up critical exponent. Precisely, let γ = max{p+ (np/2) + m/2 + σp + μ, q+(mq/2) + n/2 + μq + σ}. If 1 < pq < 1 + 2(1 + γ)/N, all nontrivial solutions blow up at the finite time; If pq > 1 + 2(1 + γ)/N, the solutions blow up at the finite time for large initial data, while there exists global solution for small initial data if we further assume that p, q > 1. These results show the relation between the exponents of spacial and time variables and the Fujita-type blow-up critical exponent.In chapter 2, we deal with the blow-up properties and asymptotic behavior of solutions to a semilinear integrodifferential system with nonlocal reaction terms in space and time. The blow-up conditions are given by a variant of the eigenfunction method combined with new properties on systems of differential inequalities. At the same
【Key words】 Global existence; Blow up; Fujita-type blow-up critical exponent; Integrodifferential system; Blow-up set; Simultaneous blow-up; Blow-up rate; Asymptotic behavior; Nonlocal source; Degenerate parabolic equation; Boundary layer;