【作者】 蒋平；

【导师】 郭聪；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文研究比较了肖蛸科(Theridiosomatidae)棒络新妇(Nephila clavata)和园蛛科(Araneidae)悦目金蛛(Argiope amoena)丝腺形态特征，为国内蜘蛛丝腺蛋白的研究提供原始的丝腺解剖图。结合对两种蜘蛛卵囊的解剖、网的特征和捕食黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)幼虫行为的观察比较，探讨了两种蜘蛛腺体的生物学功能与其生存繁殖策略之间的关系。本文分别观察描述了棒络新妇和悦目金蛛的大壶状腺、小壶状腺、冠／鞭状腺、管／柱状腺、葡萄状腺和梨状腺共六种丝腺。两种蜘蛛的丝腺形态特征基本相似；部分丝腺在形态结构和颜色上有些差异；悦目金蛛的葡萄状腺明显比棒络新妇的发达。观察表明两种蜘蛛的网和卵囊特征差异较大，其捕食黄粉虫幼虫的策略也不相同，棒络新妇采用咬—捆缚(Bit-Wrapping)策略，悦目金蛛则采用捆缚—咬(Wrapping-Bit)策略。棒络新妇和悦目金蛛的网和卵囊特征与丝腺的颜色相一致。同时，其葡萄状腺数量和大小与各自的捕食策略相关。 本文采用扫描电镜(SEM)和氨基酸自动分析仪对悦目金蛛(A．amoena)卵囊各层的丝纤维和两种葡萄状腺丝(wrapping silk and the stabilimentum silk)做了结构观察和氨基酸组成分析。研究了棒络新妇(N．clavat)和悦目金蛛卵囊的纤维组成，并探讨了悦目金蛛卵囊小直径纤维的起源问题。结果表明卵囊是由不同颜色的丝纤维构成的多层覆盖层构成的，外覆盖层是由大直径更多还原

【Abstract】 The morphologies of Nephila clavata and Argiope amoena spider silk glands were observation for providing photographs of spider silk glands. The relationship between the biological functions of the glands and the strategy of survival and reproduction was discussion basic on the observation of the characteristics of web and cocoon and the behavior of predating on Tenebrio molitor larvas. The six glands of the two species were observed. They are major and minor ampullate glands, flagelliform gland, cylindrical gland, aciniform gland and piriform gland. The morphologies and locations of the two spider silk glands were similar except some glands were little different in the color. The numbers of aciniform glands of A. amoena are more than that of N. clavata. The observations show that the two spiders are different in the characteristics of the web and cocoon. The observation of the predatory behavior indicated that the predatory strategy of N. clavata is bit-wrapping, while the predatory strategy of A. amoena is wrapping - bit. The features of web and cocoon are consistent with the color of the glands. It suggests that the differences in masses and numbers of aciniform glands N. clavata and A. amoena are related with the predatory strategies respectively.The egg case of spider A. amoenawas composed of multi-layered covers with different color silk, which were yellow frame silk, graygreen, pale umber and white or light outer silk, and umber inner silk. The更多还原