【作者】 林生岭；

【导师】 王俊德； 谢春生；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 应用化学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 以半导体材料为光催化剂，利用太阳能消除污染，是近年来比较重要的研究课题，既具有理论意义又有实用价值。本文主要以纳米钙钛矿型复合氧化物ABO₃及A位、B位置换的AA′O₃和AA′BB′O₃为光催化剂，对单组分及五组分水溶性染料进行降解试验。用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧合成法，制备钙钛矿复合氧化物，通过研究电极制备及测试，得到了一系列循环伏安曲线，该电极具有双功能氧电极特性。制备的AA′BB′O₃复合氧化物，用XRD、SEM、EDS以及IR对纳米晶体的晶型、晶粒大小、形貌及组成进行了表征。应用人工神经网络-光度法对紫外可见吸收光谱严重混叠的3组分和5组分的染料溶液含量进行了同时测定，该算法速度快，预测结果准确。另一方面，用BTA、钼酸盐-锰酸盐，在铝材和铜材表面形成复合氧化物转化膜；用溶胶-凝胶法在金属表面形成La_0.3Sr_0.7Ni_0.1Co_0.9O₃复合氧化物膜，采用失重法与电化学方法研究其耐蚀性能。本文的主要内容如下： 1．La_xSr_1-xNiO₃复合氧化物的制备及其光电催化特性 用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧合成法，制备镧锶镍复合氧化物的陶瓷粉末。通过研究电极制备及测试，结果表明：当催化剂与乙炔黑比为7：3时，双功能氧电极有最大的催化电流。镍网和La_0.75Sr_0.25NiO₃与乙炔黑组成的电极比镍网和乙炔黑电极有更好的催化活性。详细讨论了氧还原和氧析出的电化学反应机理。总结了La_xSr_1-xN_iO₃电化学特性，当x=0.15、0.70、0.75和1时，复合氧化物作为氧电极有明显的电催化特性。一般来说，氧还原与氧析出是两电子反应。在1 mol·L^-1KOH溶液里减少对铂电极的面积，加入碘化钾催化剂就可以成为四电子反应。通过在不同温度下，La_xSr_1-xNiO₃（X=0.15，0.70，0.75，1）功能氧电极循环伏安曲线，得出氧还原和氧析出的活化能，分析循环伏安曲线，氧气吸附在功能氧电极表面，当加入8.0×10^-3g·mL^-1KI时，两个氧化峰变成一个峰，氧析出电势从0.94V减少到0.62V（相对于饱和甘汞电极），同时氧还原峰突然下降。通过减少铂电极面积，加热溶液，加入碘化钾催化剂，使氧电极更有效。光电催化剂对不同水溶液染料进行光催化降解和光电催化降解实验。利用红外、紫外．可见光谱、循环伏安曲线研究La_xSr_1-xNiO₃的催化性能。结果表明：La_xSr_1-xNiO₃（x=0.15，0.6，0.7，0.75，1）复合氧化物都具有较强光催化特性，La_0.7Sr_0.3NiO₃也具有光电催化降解特性。 2．人工神经网络-光度法测定染料混合物更多还原

【Abstract】 Pollution abatement using semiconductor materials as photocatalysts under sunlight has been a subject of great interest. Photocatalytic degradation experiments of water-soluble dyes including single compoment and five compoments suspension systems of nano-perovskite type ABO₃ oxides and their replaced compounds AA′O₃, AA′BB′O₃ in A-site or B-site were carried out in the paper. A new combustion synthesis method, the glycine-nitrate process, had been to prepare complex oxide ceramic powders of perovskite. Electrical poles of oxygen were prepared and detected to obtain a series of cyclic voltammetry curves. The results show that the electrode has the characteristics of bifunction oxygen electrode.The AA′BB′O₃ crystal species and grains were characterized by XRD,SEM and EDS and IR measurements.By means of artificial neural network to simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of three and five-components of dyestuff mixture were proposed, in which the ultraviolet-visible spectra overlapped. The results are better in training speed and the accuracy. On the other hand, the BTA, molybdate and manganate conversion coating of complex oxides for Al and Cu materials were investigated and the composite oxide La_0.3Sr_0.7Ni_0.1Co_0.9O₃ psssivating coats were formed in sol-gel method and studied by weight-loss and electrochemical methods. The major content was described as follow:1. Preparation and Study of La_xSr_1-xNiO₃ Composite Oxides for the Photo- Electro Catalytic ActivityA new combustion synthesis method, the glycine-nitrate process, has been used to prepare complex oxide ceramic powders of strontium-substituted lanthanum nickel. Electrical poles of oxygen were prepared and detected to obtain a series of cyclic voltammetry cures. The results show that the bifunction oxygen electrode have the most catalytic current when the ratio catalyst/ethine black is 7:3 and the pole which is composed of nickel net and mixture of La_0.75Sr_0.25NiO₃ and ethine black is so much the better catalytic activity than which of nickel net and ethine black. It were discussed that the electrochemical reaction processes of oxygen reduction and oxygen release in detail. The electrochemical characteristic parameters of La_xSr_1-xN_iO₃ were summarized. The complex oxides as oxygen electrode have obviously electrocatalytic activity when x=0.15、 0.70、 0.75 and 1. In a general way, oxygen reduction and release are often two electrons更多还原