【作者】 邢秀凤；

【导师】 曹洪军；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 城市水业一般是指以水的生产、供应和处理为产业链,涵盖水源建设、城市供水、城市污水处理及其回用等领域,简称为城市供排水或上水、中水和下水。城市水业与城市供热、燃气、垃圾处理等市政公用事业被称为“市场化的最后堡垒”,城市水业具有准市场化的特征,是我国市场化最晚、程度最低的领域之一。其市场化的改革也只有5、6年的时间。由于水行业长期以来实行国家垄断经营,水曾被视为可以自由取用的免费品,水从无价到低价,直到现在也没有到位,对供水与污水处理设施投入不足,加上供排水企业的运营效率低下,导致供水不足、污水处理率低,行业经营效益低下,以市场化为方向的水业改革势在必行。水业市场化改革包括水价改革、水业建设运营模式改革、水业管理体制改革等一系列内容。论文重点关注水价改革和水业市场的建设运营模式两大方面。对样本城市居民水价改革研究的主要目的是对相关水价及其影响因素进行定量分析,测算出其需求弹性,以便为今后水价调整提供必要的决策依据;对样本城市工业水价与单位产值用水量及工业用水重复利用率等进行相关分析的目的是想根据所测算的结果,为工业生产结构调整进而推进城市节水、发展节水型经济提供必要的理论数据支撑。对市场化建设运营模式进行分析的目的是想借鉴成功模式的经验,加快样本城市的水业市场化进程,实现改革的初衷。在市场经济背景下,水是一种商品,与其它商品一样应当具有反映其价值的价格。包括资源水价、工程水价、环境水价在内的水价格可以说是水业市场化改革的核心,因为水价收益可以实现与水相关的诸多利益主体的合作目标,是水业市场化改革成果的综合体现。水价结构的合理与否,水价调整的适度、适时、适地就显得至关重要了。本文在实证部分主要运用需求价格弹性理论,并借助于美国L.Dauglas和Robert.R.Lee提出供求定价模型,以北方严重缺水城市青岛为例,测算了居民用水户和工业企业用水户的需求弹性。其中,在对居民用水户的弹性计算中,既包括生活用水的需求价格弹性,也包括需求收入弹性以及居民对水价的承受能力分析。在对青岛市工业企业用水户的分析中,测算了工业用水需求价格弹性、万元工业产值与工业水价及工业用水量重复利用率的相关性。在计算两类用水户的需求弹性的过程中,尝试将污水处理费(环境水价的一部分)包括在更多还原

【Abstract】 Generally speaking, urban water industry refers to the fields of water production and supply, wastewater treatment. They forms a industry chain, including the construction and protection of water sources, urban water supply, wastewater treatment and its reclamations, and is often called municipal water supply and discharge or tap water、middle water and wastewater. Municipal water industry together with municipal heating, gas and garbage treatment is often compared to the last fort of marketization, with its quasi-market characteristics, it is one of the last and lowest degree fields of marketization. The history of the reform towards marketization of water industry is only five or six years. It is well known that urban water industry in China has been monopolistically operated for a long time, meanwhile tap water has been regarded as a free good, if any, the price is so low that it can not cover the full costs, and policy-related investment in facilities for urban water supply and wastewater treatment is far from sufficient, together with the low efficiency of the related industrial enterprises, thus appears the phenomena of insufficient water supply, low wastewater treatment degree, and low economic rewards. It is high time to reform urban water industry.The marketization reform of urban water industry includes the contents of urban water price reform, the reform of the models of construction and operation and maintenance in the field, and the water institutional reform and so on. This dissertation emphasizes water price reform and the model of construction and operation and its application in particular. The purpose of stressing the residential water price reform is to make quantitative analysis on water price and its affected factors, to get the price elasticity, so that the result can be used to make rational decision in future water price reform. The purpose that analyses the relation between industrial water price and recycling rate of industrial use water is to support the industrial structure adjustment, and finally to fulfill the aim of promoting water saving更多还原