【作者】 巨少华；

【导师】 唐谟堂；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 有色金属冶金， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文致力于解决我国十分严峻的有色金属富矿资源枯竭这一制约社会发展、经济建设的难题。提出了一种全新的堆浸处理我国蕴藏量较为丰富的低品位复杂有色金属矿物资源的方法—METAL-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O（简称MACA，以下同）体系堆浸法。它不同于传统的酸浸、氨浸和细菌浸出等处理低品位矿湿法冶金方法，具有选择性好，杂质溶出少，堆浸时不发生板结和环境友好等优点。而且，该方法的适用范围较广，不仅适用于从简单氧化矿中提取Au，Ag，Cu，Zn，Ni等有价金属，而且还适用于从复杂的含碱性脉石很高的氧化和硫化混合矿中提取这些金属。 在理论研究方面，文中对MACA体系中铜、镍和金的湿法冶金热力学进行了较系统的研究。所涉及的热力学体系分为两类，一类是对Metal Oxide在NH₄Cl-NH₃-H2O体系中的热力学溶解度的建模和计算，如Cu（Ⅱ）-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O系和Ni（Ⅱ）-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O系；第二类是对Metal Sulfide或金属在NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O体系中浸出时的模型建立及所需要的氧化电位计算，前者如Cu₅FeS₄-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O系及NiS-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O系，后者如Au-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O，Zn-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O系及Cu-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O系。结果发现，Metal Oxide在NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O体系中的热力学溶解度随NH₄Cl和NH₃·H₂O浓度增加而增加；Metal Sulfide或金属Au、Zn和Cu在NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O体系中浸出所需的氧化电位随NH₄Cl和NH₃·H₂O浓度增加而先急剧下降，后下降趋缓；由计算结果还得知在除去氧气的情况下，用Zn粉或Cu粉可以从MACA体系中还原回收Au。 在工艺研究方面，分别对汤丹低品位复杂铜矿、金川低品位镍矿和甘肃某低品位金矿进行了MACA体系中的瓶浸试验和柱浸试验。瓶浸试验采用正交设计法研究了反应条件如温度、粒度、搅拌速度、更多还原

【Abstract】 This work takes up with solving the quite austere problem of the depletion of rich nonferrous metal minerals, which can restrict social development as well as economic construction of China. In this paper, a brand new heap leaching system, METAL-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O （for short, MACA）, is brought forward for treating low-grade complicated minerals resources of nonferrous metal, which is relatively abundant in our country. Other than those traditional processes in this field such as acid leaching, ammonia leaching or bacteria leaching, this new hydrometallurgical process is provided with many merits such as good selecting properties, low solvability of impurities, not hardening of the heap surface, as well as environmental amity. What’s more, the application scope of the process is also very broad. It can be applied not only to treat simple oxide ores for extracting metals such as Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Ni et al., but also can be used in treating complicated mixed ores of oxide and sulfide minerals with high content of gangue.On the aspect of theoretics, the hydrometallurgy thermodynamics of copper, nickel and gold in the system of MACA is studied relatively thoroughly. The thermodynamics involves in this paper can be compartmentalized into two type. One is the model establishment and calculation of the dissolvability of the metal oxide in NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O system, such as Cu（II）-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O and Ni（II）- NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O, and the other is the the model establishment and calculation of the oxidation and reduction potential of metal sulfide or metal in NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O system, the former as Cu₅FeS₄-NH₄Cl-NH₃H₂O and NiS-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O, the latter as Au-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O, Zn-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O and Cu-NH₄Cl-NH₃-H₂O. The study results show that 1) the dissolvability of metal oxide increases as the concentration of NH₄Cl and NH₃·H₂O were increasing; 2) the oxidation potential of metal sulfide and metal decreases firstly sharply then slowly as the concentration of NH₄Cl and NH₃·H₂O were increasing. What’s more, the results of thermodynamics study also showed that after de-oxygenized, zinc or copper powder can reduce aurous into gold powder from MACA system.更多还原