【作者】 王瑞辉；

【导师】 马履一；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林培育学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 北京是水资源严重短缺的城市，每年园林绿地的养护需要消耗大量水资源。长期以来，由于对植物的内在耗水规律缺乏了解，现有的绿地水分管理具有很大的盲目性，停留在经验管理的粗放水平上，造成水资源的浪费。本文以北京市主要园林植物为研究对象，以建立绿地节水灌溉制度、提高水资源利用效率为目标，通过对北京丁香等15个树种苗木的盆栽试验和对侧柏、油松、元宝枫等树种树干边材液流及环境影响因子的长期定位观测，弄清了这些树种耗水的时空变异规律，揭示了不同树种耗水能力的差异，建立了树木耗水与主要环境因子的关系模型，并进行尺度扩展。在此基础上，制订了5种典型绿地植被的节水灌溉制度。 本研究取得的主要成果有： 弄清了树种耗水的季节差异，在充分供水条件下，元宝枫属于春季耗水型，金丝柳、大叶黄杨、金叶女贞、棣棠、白皮松、油松、铺地柏、侧柏属于夏季耗水型，北京丁香属于秋季耗水型，西府海棠属于夏秋耗水型，栾树、榆叶梅、黄栌、北京桧属于均衡耗水型。 实测了各树种不同时间尺度的耗水能力，在充分供水条件下，榆叶梅、栾树、金丝柳、元宝枫、西府海棠为高耗水树种，黄栌、铺地柏、金叶女贞、侧柏为低耗水树种，北京丁香、大叶黄杨、棣棠、北京桧、油松、白皮松为中等耗水树种。在季节尺度上，春季，榆叶梅、元宝枫、栾树、金丝柳的日耗水量显著大于其他树种；夏季，金丝柳、榆叶梅、栾树的日耗水量明显大于其他树种；秋季，榆叶梅、栾树、西府海棠的耗水量大，白皮松、油松、大叶黄杨、侧柏、金叶女贞、铺地柏、黄栌的耗水量很少，其他树种居中。 分析了环境因子对树木蒸腾耗水的影响，在充分供水条件下，各树种蒸腾速率与气孔导度和太阳辐射为极显著相关，与相对湿度、气温和大气水势的相关性稍弱，但夏季的相关性较强。 建立了树木蒸腾速率与主要环境因子的优化模型，在15个树种3个季度总共45个模型中，只含光照一个因子(光照型)的模型38个，光温型3个，光湿型1个，光温湿型3个。 确定了绿地水分分级管理的标准，根据不同水分梯度下各树种生理和外貌特征，更多还原

【Abstract】 Beijing is plagued by a serious shortage of water resources, but green spaces in city consume a large amount of water resources each year. For a long time, due to low awareness of the water consumption law for plants, irrigation management of green spaces is blind which causes huge waste of water resources. By taking dominant garden plants in Beijing city as its object, building up the water saving system for green spaces and improving utilization efficiency of water resources as its goal, this thesis focuses on tests of potted seedlings including 15 species such as Syringa pekinensis and long-term state observations on sap flow of trunks and environmental factors of trees such as Platycladus orientalis, Pinus tabulaeformis, Acer truncatum. Based on these research results, the author concludes the fluctuation law of water consumption for these trees species, makes a water consumption comparison among the different trees, builds up a relationship model between water consumption and dominant environmental factors and makes a scaling up. Finally, author draws an irrigation system of water saving for five typical plants of green spaces.The following is the main results obtained in this research:It is the primary purpose of this work to provide information about the water consumption depended on the different season of all kinds of species. With sufficient water supply, Acer truncatum belongs to high-water consumption in spring, Salix alba’Tristis’, Euonymus japonicus, Ligustrum×vicaryi, Kerria japonica, Pinus bungeana, Pinus tabulaeformis, Sabina procumbens, Platycladus orientalis belong to high-water consumption in summer, Syringa pekinensis belongs to high-water consumption in autumn, Malus micromalus belongs to high-water consumption in summer and autumn, and更多还原