【作者】 哈申格日乐；

【导师】 李吉跃；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林培育， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 城市化是人类社会和经济发展的必然趋势,也是一个国家走向现代化的必经阶段。它给人类社会带来了巨大的进步和高度的物质文明,同时也给人类社会带来了一系列严重的环境问题。而城市森林绿地能够改善和缓解城市化引起的城市生态环境问题。本文在确定北京建国以来城市化发展阶段的基础上,分析了北京不同城市化阶段的生态环境变化与城市绿化建设,探讨了北京城市化进程与城市生态环境变化的关系,以及对城市环境变化的影响;同时,研究了城市绿化建设与城市生态环境变化的关系,为北京走出一条城市生态环境良好、高质量的城市化发展道路,实现北京生态城市建设宏伟目标提供科学的决策依据。用熵值法和主成分分析法综合分析了北京1949~2005年城市化发展进程,并应用聚类分析法把北京城市化发展分四个阶段:1949~1985年是低速城市化发展阶段,1986~1993年是较快城市化发展阶段,1994~2000年是加速城市化发展阶段,2000年之后是发达城市化阶段。应用聚类分析法进一步分析了1985年以前北京城市化发展,即低城市化阶段,可划分为1949~1965年为基本实现城市化阶段,1966~1974年为城市化倒退阶段,1975~1982年为恢复城市化阶段,1983~1985年为城市化发展前期阶段。在低速城市化阶段,北京城市平均非农业人口比重为54.2%,平均GDP为69.65亿元,平均人均GDP达到849元,平均恩格尔系数为56.9%(1978~1985年),居民生活刚刚达到温饱水平。但由于政策体制的多变,城市化发展没有明显的变化规律。在较快城市化阶段,北京城市化发展全面上升,但增加幅度较小,平均非农业人口比重达到61.9%,年均增加0.40%;平均GDP和平均人均GDP分别达到518.78亿元和5,078元,年均分别增长72.33亿元和755.14元;平均恩格尔系数达到52.4%,年均下降0.39%,居民生活达到全面温饱水平。在加速城市化阶段,北京城市各方面发展较快,平均非农业人口比重达到64.4%,均增长0.61%,平均GDP和平均人均GDP达到1,795.61亿元和16,558元,年均分别增长199.25亿元和1,742.7元;平均恩格尔系数降为43.2%,年均下降1.44%,居民生活达到小康水平。在发达城市化阶段,平均非农业人口比重提高到71.6%,年均增加1.0%;平均GDP和平均人均GDP达到3,501.19亿元和30,773元,年均增长359.42亿元和2,883.75元;平均恩格尔系数降低到33.5%,年均下降1.0%,居民生活达到富裕水平,北京城市化发展进入了全面更多还原

【Abstract】 Urbanization is the necessary trend of the development of human society and economy and is also the necessary stage that a country tends towards modernization. It brings the human society with great progress and substantial civilization as well as a series of severe environmental problems at the same time. However, urban forest and green land can improve and decrease the urban ecological and environmental problems brought by the urbanization. In this paper, on the basis of confirming the development stages of urbanization in Beijing after new China was founded in 1949, we analyzed the change of ecological environment and the build of urban greening in different urbanization stages in Beijing and probed into the relationship between progress of urbanization and change of ecological environment and the effect of urbanization on the change of ecological environment in Beijing. At the same time, we also researched the relationship between the construction of urban greening and the change of ecological environment and provided a scientific decision-making basis for Beijing to walk out a development way with good ecological environment and high quality urbanization and to realize the great target of building ecological city in Beijing.Entropy method and main element analyze were used synthetically to analyze the progress of urbanization in 1949-2005 in Beijing and the urbanization progress in Beijing has been divided into 4 stages by clustering analyzing method: urbanization progress is in low-speed developing stage in 1949~1985, faster-speed developing stage in 1986~1993, accelerated developing stage in the year 1994-2000 and developed stage after 2000. Clustering analyzing method was used to further analyze the urbanization development before 1985 in Beijing, namely low-speed developing stage, which can be divided into urbanization stage realized basically in 1949-1965, urbanization stage retrogressed in 1966-1974, urbanization stage renewed in 1975-1982 and earlier stage of urbanization development in 1983-1985. In the low-speed urbanization stage, proportion of average non-agricultural population in Beijing was 54.2%, average GDP was 6.965 billion RMB and average GDP per capita reached 849RMB, average Engle coefficient is 56.9% (1978-1985) and the residents just now reached to living standard with dressing warmly and eating their fill. However, as a result of the levity of the policy and system, there was no obvious changing rule in the development of urbanization. In the faster-speed urbanization stage, there was a fully rising in the development of urbanization in Beijing but with less increasing更多还原