【作者】 刘代汉；

【导师】 郑小贤；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林经理学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 林业肩负着产业建设和生态建设的双重历史使命。广西现有国有林场151个,森林面积和活立木蓄积量分别占广西森林总面积和活立木蓄积量的9%和16%。“九五”期间,广西国有林场共生产木材802.7万m3,占同期广西木材产量的46%,表明国有林场是广西林业建设的重要力量,是广西林业可持续发展的主力军。但由于各种原因,国有林场可持续经营面临着严峻的挑战,经营亏损、就业岗位减少、可采森林资源减少等问题严重地困绕着国有林场,有的林场甚至面临着生存危机。2002年全国30个省、直辖市、自治区汇总国有林场4146个,经营亏损9432万元,其中亏损林场亏损额3.7亿,负债总额达162.6亿,资产负债率高达79.25%;广西151个国有林场中有127个亏损,经营亏损的林场占80%以上。面对经济社会对林业可持续发展的需求与国有林场经营困境,迫切需要对林场经营理论与模式开展研究,为国有林场可持续经营提供科学依据,引导国有林场走出困境,实现可持续经营。因此,开展广西国有林场可持续经营理论与模式研究,不仅对丰富森林可持续经营理论具有十分重要价值,而且对促进广西经济社会可持续发展和中国西部生态环境建设也具有十分重要的现实意义。本研究以广西国有林场为研究对象,通过广泛深入的调查研究,取得了如下的主要成果:⑴构建了“林场经营协同论”,为林场经营提供了新理论。其要点是:①国有林场是一个系统,而且是开放性系统。林场既是一个母系统,又是社会大系统的一个子系统。②林场系统由三个子系统构成,即森林生态系统、林业经济系统、林场社会系统。③林场的发展是其内部子系统协同作用和林场与社会大系统协调作用的共同结果。当这种作用力为正时,林场向前发展;反之,林场就会出现停滞不前,甚至倒退。④林场可持续经营的关键在于使其内部子系统间各要素协同、和谐及与外部系统关系的协调。⑤林场系统与社会大系统的协调主要体现在林场与区域发展的协调、林场林业生产力与林业生产关系协调等方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forestry undertakes an important historical mission both in industrial construction and ecological construction. There are in total 151 state-owned forest farms in Guangxi now, whose forest area covers 9% of Guangxi’s total forest area and their growing stock volume accounts for 16%. During the 9th five-year-plan period, these state-owned forest farms have totally produced timber of 802.7cubic meters, which accounts for 46% of the total timber yield of Guangxi,and the fact shows that no doubt the state-owned forest farms are the important power in the sustainable development of Guangxi forestry. Yet, due to various causes, the sustainable management of the state-owned forest farms is facing severe challenges, such as management loss, reduction of employment, the decrease of forest resources, and even survival crisis for some forest farms. In the year 2002, the deficit of operation by all the 4146 state-owned forest farms in 30 provinces of China amounted to$94.32 million, the deficit forest farms produced a loss of $0.37 billion, the total debts added up to $16.26 billion while the capital assets debt rate peaked to 79.25%. Meanwhile, 127 state-owned forest farms out of 151 in Guangxi result in a loss, and the loss rate is over 80%. Considering the social needs of sustainable forestry development and the predicament of management, it’s urgent for us to launch a study on both the management theories and patterns, which will provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of state-owned forest farms, lead them get rid of the difficulties, and realize the sustainable management. Therefore, a study on sustainable management theories and patterns of state-owned forest farms in Guangxi can not only enrich the theories of sustainable forest management but also promote Guangxi’s economic and social sustainable development as well as the construction of ecological environment of West China.After a thorough and further survey to the state-owned forest farms in Guangxi, the research has更多还原