【作者】 尹五元；

【导师】 王建中； 张志翔；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 为了有效地保护铜壁关自然保护区丰富而独特的植物多样性,本文在保护区植被调查的基础上,采用植物群落调查分析方法、植物区系组成分析方法和生物多样性指数分析方法,对该地区的植物多样性及其保护进行了研究。研究结果如下:物种多样性层次野外调查和编目统计结果表明,铜壁关自然保护区内共有野生维管植物248科1316属3767种,分别占全国维管植物总科、属、种数的68.13%、40.99%、13.87%。其中种子植物201科1202属3517种及变种,包括新分类群8种和新记录种12种。从植物区系组成来看,热带分布科占总科数的74.67%,热带分布属占总属数的74.21%;热带分布属中以亚洲热带分布属最多,占总属数的28.17%。分布区类型分析表明该地区的植物区系具有热带亚洲区系的特点,属于古热带植物区,马来西亚亚区中的滇、缅、泰地区。进一步分析表明,此区系具热带北缘的性质。本区地史上受第四纪冰期的影响甚小,使其作为植物的避难所,保存了大量珍稀濒危保护植物,保护区有国家级保护植物58种,云南省级保护植物52种。本区还有东亚特有科6个,中国特有属10个,中国特有种911种,隶属427属,129科,占总种数的25.90%,铜壁关特有种43个。植物群落多样性层次将该区植被划分为7个植被型、14个植被亚型、41个群系。应用Margalef指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数来测度群落内的多样性(α多样性),用Sorenson指数来测度群落间的多样性(β多样性)。结果表明,不同植被类型Margalef指数值的变化符合生物多样性随海拔的增高而降低的规律。各植被类型的Pielou指数均大于0.9,高均匀度体现出群落具有较多的稀疏种和较少的富集种。任意两种植被类型之间的Sorenson指数值均超过0.5,说明保护区内各种植被类型之间具有较高的生境异质性。对铜壁关龙脑香林群落研究结果表明,在龙脑香林组成中,有95.5%的属为热性区系;上层乔木以阿萨姆娑罗双占优势,群落内乔木树种数和个体数随径级增加呈下降趋势;群落下层植物种类多样,木质大藤本发达,具有板根、老茎生花现象等,因此认为,铜壁关的龙脑香林属热带季雨林,是缅甸北部的热带雨林向东北分布的极限类型。植物多样性保护方面使用市场价值法、机会成本法和替代花费法等对保护区植物多样性经济价值进行计算。结果表明,直接使用价值为5223.6万元,间接使用价更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to conserve efficiently the rich and unique floristic diversity of the Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, data collected in the comprehensive vegetative survey are analyzed and studied for the floristic diversity in the region. Analytical and inventory methods of plant communities, floral composition of vegetation types and diversity index analysis are used in the study which demonstrates the following findings.Diversity at the species level: Data from field inventories and cataloging shows that 3,767 species of wild tracheophyte belonging to 1,316 genera in 248 families are present in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, accounting for 68.13%, 40.99% and 13.87%, respectively, of the species, genera and families of vascular plants in China. Of all the species, 3,517 species are spermatophytes, belonging to 1,202 genera in 201 families, including the 12 newly recorded species and 8 new site species. In the floristic composition of spermatophytes, families of tropical distribution make up 74.67%, and the recorded genera 74.21% of the total families and genera, respectively. Furthermore, the genera of tropical Asian distribution take up the largest share, reaching 28.17% of the total. High share of tropical distribution elements shows that the flora possess distinctive features of the Tropical Asiatic region, belonging to the Yunnan, Myanmar and Thailand region in the Malaysia Subkingdom of the Paleotropic Kingdom. Further analysis shows that the flora presents characteristics of the marginal northern tropics. This area was least affected during the Quaternary ice age, which has made it an ideal refuge for plants where a broad range of rare and endangered species with various protection status have been preserved. Found in the Nature Reserve are 58 national and 52 provincial level protected species. Six families are endemic to East Asia and 10 genera endemic to China in this region. In total, 911 species, or approximately 25.9%, from 427 genera in 129 families are endemic to China, of which 43 species are endemic to the Nature Reserve.Diversity at the community level: The vegetation is classified into 7 types, 14更多还原