【作者】 常兆中；

【导师】 周锡元；

【作者基本信息】 中国建筑科学研究院 ， 结构工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 基于性能的设计是工程抗震的新方向。混凝土小型空心砌块砌体是我国目前应用最为广泛的砌体结构形式。由于砌体材料固有的复杂性，基于性能的评估和设计还处于发展的初期，还需要通过不断的研究来将基于性能的理念应用于混凝土小型空心砌块砌体的抗震能力评估和设计。对于混凝土小砌块结构而言，基于性能的抗震设计方法的实施还需要研究开发分析软件、发展非线性数值计算模型和确定不同性能水准下的目标位移。 本文的重点是研究混凝土小型空心砌块砌体非线性地震反应分析和基于性能的抗震设计方法。对于数据可视化、用于OpenSees的有限元前后处理软件开发，混凝土小型空心砌块砌体非线性数值分析模型和混凝土小型空心砌块结构在不同性能水准下目标位移的确定方法等问题分别进行了研究。主要的研究内容和创新性成果如下： 1、深入分析了OpenSees的基本框架结构、基本类及类层次结构，深入讨论了基于柔度法和基于刚度法的非线性梁柱单元原理，对OpenSees的材料滞回模型进行了研究，扩展了OpenSees程序的功能。 2、基于可视化图形工具(VTK)，设计并实现了OpenSees和VTK之间的中间层接口模块，在此基础上开发了适用于OpenSees的跨平台有限元前、后处理系统OpenGUI，为OpenSees提供了一个很好的图形用户界面和可视化环境，提高了OpenSees分析大型复杂结构的效率。开发了适合混凝土小砌块结构非线性分析的专用模块。 3、研究了混凝土小砌块结构非线性分析的计算方法，发展了一个简化的混凝土小砌块结构非线性分析模型。该模型将混凝土小砌块结构理想化为等效的框架，适用于非线性静力分析和非线性动力分析。应用该模型对一混凝土砌块结构振动台模型试验进行了比较分析，结果表明数值模拟结果与试验结果较为吻合，验证了分析方法和计算模型的合理性。 4、与平面应力有限元分析结果相比，用等效框架模型模拟开洞墙片会导致过大的弹性刚度，本文通过引入了等效刚度系数α和等效高度系数γ对墙肢的弹性刚度进行了修正，给出了修正系数α和γ的回归公式。通过与平面有限元应力分析结果以及试验结果的比较验证了该方法的合理性。 5、给出了混凝土小砌块墙片和连梁恢复力模型的确定方法，通过对现有试验数据的分析，提出了一个混凝土小砌块约束砌体墙片的三线性恢复力骨架曲线，该恢复力模型适用于混凝土小砌块约束砌体结构的静力和动力非线性分析。 6、本文给出了对应我国抗震设计规范三个设防水准的破坏状态限值，这些值由能力曲线的更多还原

【Abstract】 The concepts of performance-based earthquake engineering poses a great challenge for masonry structures, since current seismic design of such kind structures generally follows a strength-based approach. However, small-sized hollow concrete block masonry structures are widely used in China, performance-based concepts for evaluation and design of these structures are still at its early stage of development because of the complexity of masonry material compared with other traditional materials including reinforced concrete and steel. So a continuous research is highly needed to bring performance-based concepts to seismic assessment and design. In order to apply the performance based design method into hollow concrete block masonry structures, several key problems need to be solved including developing and improving analysis tool, nonlinear numerical model and determining target displacement at different performance levels. This dissertation is devoted to nonlinear seismic response analysis and the theories of performance based design method. The data visualization, the pre- and post- processor adapted for OpenSees (Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation), nonlinear numerical model and the feasible approach for determining target displacement at different performance levels are discussed respectively. The main research contents and outcomes of this work are:1. Firstly the framework, main classes and their class hierarchy are deliberatly studied, formulation of stiffness and flexibility-based nonlinear beam-column elements, and hysteretic material in OpenSees are discussed in detail. Further, a method of extending OpenSees is discussed.2. On the base of the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) , an interface module between VTK and OpenSees is developed. Moreover, a pre and post processor named OpenGUI(Open Graphical User Interface) for OpenSees is developed based on this interface module, which is a cross-platform GUI so that it provides a friendly visual environment and graphical user interface for OpenSees to improve the capacity and efficiency of analyzing large-scale and complex structures. At the same time, the module for analyzing concrete block masonry structures is also provided in OpenGUI.3. A simplified model for Nonlinear Analysis of small-sized hollow concrete block masonry structures is presented. This model is based on an idealized equivalent frame model and can be更多还原