【作者】 张苏琼；

【导师】 符义坤；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 青藏高原是全球环境最具有敏感和驱动作用的地区。人工草地建设以及植物生产层与动物生产层的耦合是我国草地农业系统建设过程中的当务之急;系统相悖机理和优化耦合模式的研究是草地农业生态学今后研究的重点方向之一。建立和完善草地农业系统,不断地输入能量和物质,促使各个子系统之间实现系统耦合,提高系统的有序度,产生系统进化,释放系统的催化潜势、位差潜势、多稳定潜势和管理潜势,是实现青藏高原草地资源和社会经济可持续性发展的根本性措施。本文依据草地农业生态系统界面理论和动物营养调控理论,以草地·动物界面为切入点,采用系统研究方法,在甘南碌曲县进行了稀土元素对高寒草地牧草·动物界面系统藕合效应的研究。试验结果表明:1将稀土元素应用于青藏高原高寒草地,进行稀土对草地·动物界面系统耦合效应研究。试验表明,适量施用稀土元素不仅可以提高草地初级生产力,而且可以有效改进草地质量。2适量使用稀土具有促进天然草地牧草生长的作用。浓度在400×10-6～1200×10-6时,植物地上生物量随着浓度的增大而提高。施加低浓度稀土后,可增强牧草的抗逆性。稀土处理使草地牧草体内的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性增强,提高植物对环境反应能力和抵御低温胁迫的能力,增强抗寒性;减少植株死亡,增加草群密度。3天然草地不同类群植物对外源性稀土的反映不同,禾本科植物对稀土的敏感性高于莎草科、豆科、菊科、杂类草等其它类群的植物。不同稀土浓度对垂穗披碱草地上生物量有显著的影响。喷施稀土浓度为400×10-6～1600×10-6,对草地植物粗脂肪、粗纤维和粗灰分含量无显著的影响,但对草地植物蛋白质含量有显著的影响。不同的稀土浓度对不同植物的蛋白质含量影响不同,喷施稀土浓度400×10-6～1200×10-6时,蛋白质含量随着浓度的提高而增加。不同喷施次数对天然草地植物地上生物量、叶茎比值有显著的影响。4稀土浸种或拌种对牧草的物候期节律有一定的影响。影响的幅度与牧草品种和稀土浓度有关。稀土浸种或拌种可促使牧草农业生物学性状的改进,更多还原

【Abstract】 Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the most sensitive and driving active area to the global environments. The establishment of improved pastures and coupling between plant and animal production levels should be an urgent task in this area today. To study the mechanism of system contrary and the mode of optimum coupling is one of the key research directions in the field of grassland agricultural ecology. A fundamental measure for achieving the sustainable development and utilization of grassland resources and social economy in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is to establish and improve the grassland agricultural system, to put more matter and energy into the system frequently for promoting system coupling between subsystems, increasing system order, producing system evolution and releasing catalytic potential, the potential of position difference, multi-stabilization potential and managing potential of the system.Basing on the interface theory of grassland agricultural system and the regulation and controlling theory of animal nutrition, the effects of RE on system coupling of forage / livestock interface in alpine grassland were studied in southern Gansu, China, by taking the methods of applying REO (38%) to natural and seeded pastures, grazing the treated pasture with Tibetan sheep, and then evaluating the efficiency of forage and animal production and, at the same time, determining the accumulation and transferring of REE from the soil -- forage– animal system. The results in this study are as follows:1, Forage grass growth was promoted by applying RE properly to natural grassland. The above-ground biomass of Drooping lymegrass (Elymus nutans Griseb. ) raised with RE concentration in extent of 4 00×106更多还原