【作者】 张岳芳；

【导师】 王余龙；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 通过作物品种的遗传改良和采取适当的栽培措施,提高作物对氮素的吸收利用效率,是稳定提高作物产量和种植效益的有效手段。水稻对氮素的吸收利用效率主要包括水稻对氮素的吸收效率(多用不同生育时期的氮素累积量来表示)和水稻对氮素的利用效率(以吸收到稻体内的单位氮素生产的干物质量或籽粒产量来表示)。前人研究表明,水稻品种间氮素累积量、氮素干物质生产效率和氮素籽粒生产效率的差异均很大,认为提高成熟期氮素累积量能显著提高水稻品种的产量,但氮素干物质生产效率和氮素籽粒生产效率对水稻品种产量的影响研究结果不太一致。到目前为止,成熟期的氮素累积量、氮素干物质生产效率和氮素籽粒生产效率对水稻产量的综合影响未见报道,高氮素累积量类型籼稻品种的产量构成、物质生产与分配、氮素分配、源库关系以及根系的基本特点缺乏研究,不同氮素累积量类型籼稻品种对供氮浓度的响应也有待于深入研究。为了明确这些问题,本研究在群体水培(容易保证供氮浓度一致)条件下,以较多的国内外常规籼稻品种(2001年为88个、2002年为122个)和3种供氮浓度条件下不同氮素累积量类型籼稻品种(2004年、2005年均为18个)为供试材料,测定其抽穗期和成熟期的植株不同器官的干物重、叶面积系数、根系形态性状、根系活性、全氮含量、产量及其构成因素等,试图明确高氮素累积量类型籼稻品种有关性状的基本特点以及不同氮素累积量类型籼稻品种对供氮浓度响应的差异等,为氮高效籼稻品种的遗传改良和不同氮素累积量类型籼稻品种的氮肥施用等提供参考依据。1、籼稻品种间成熟期氮素累积量、氮素干物质生产效率、氮素籽粒生产效率的差异均很大,均可从低到高分为A、B、C、D、E、F等6种类型。氮素累积量为A、B、C、D、E、F类籼稻品种成熟期的平均氮素累积量,2001年分别为10.40、更多还原

【Abstract】 Improving nitrogen (N) uptake and use efficiency through genetic improvement of crop varieties and proper cultivation techniques is an effective way to enhance crop yield and planting benefit. N uptake and use efficiency mainly include N uptake efficiency (generally represented by crop N accumulation at different growth stages) and N use efficiency (represented by the amount of dry matter (DM) or grain yield produced per unit absorbed N). Previous studies indicated that there existed huge differences among rice varieties in N accumulation, N use efficiency for biomass (NUEp) and N use efficiency for grain (NUEg), and grain yield of rice varieties increased with increasing N accumulation at maturity, however, there were no consistent results concerning the effects of NUEp and NUEg on grain yield of different varieties. To date, there is no information on the combined effects of N accumulation, NUEp and NUEg at maturity on rice grain yield; fundamental traits of high N accumulation types of indica rice varieties were neglected with respect to yield formation, DM production and distribution, N distribution, source sink relationship and root, and the responses of different N accumulation types of indica rice varieties to different N application concentrations also need further investigation. In order to elucidate these issues, eighty eight and one hundred and twenty two conventional indica rice varieties were solution-cultured under the same N concentration in 2001 and 2002, respectively, and eighteen indica rice varieties with different N accumulation更多还原