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铌酸锂波导电光A/D转换器单元技术研究
The Research on Electro-optic Guided-Wave Analog-to-Digital Converter Unit Based on Lithium Niobate Substrate
【作者】 张长命;
【导师】 刘永智;
【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 , 光学工程, 2006, 博士
【摘要】 本论文以2位波导电光A/D转换器的理论设计和工艺实验为目标,以计算机仿真和具体工艺实验相结合,对铌酸锂波导电光A/D转换器的光波导设计、电极优化以及电光响应等性能指标进行了详细分析。 采用有限差分束传播法(FD-BPM)优化了M-Z结构电光A/D转换器光波导结构,包括直接转向波导和Y分支波导。采用余弦弯曲Y分支波导设计2位M-Z型电光A/D转换器,并设计相应的器件版图。另外,设计了2位相位补偿型电光A/D转换器的波导结构。 本论文以美国特拉华大学提供的一个免费的保角变换工具包为基础采用保角变换方法对行波结构电光A/D转换器电极结构进行了详细的仿真分析。分析结果表明,采用低折射率的缓冲层、厚电极等方法可以在不同程度上改善A/D转换器的性能,同时它们对阻抗匹配、调制带宽和导体损耗的影响是不同的,在实际设计时应该折衷考虑。 本论文采用傅里叶变换方法定量分析了电光A/D转换器的速度失配和传输损耗对输出光脉冲(包括脉冲形状、幅度和宽度)的影响,仿真结果表明速度失配会使光脉冲峰值下降、使脉冲宽度增加,而损耗只使脉冲峰值下降,不会使脉冲展宽。另外,讨论了集总参数电极型和行波参数电极型电光A/D转换器的频率响应。 分析了影响电光A/D转换器性能其他因素,如光通过调制的渡越时间、激光脉宽、脉冲间隔抖动等;还讨论了对光功率、调制带宽及探测器噪声的要求等。另外,分析了器件温度漂移和直流漂移问题。 为了实现电光A/D转换,采用两条技术路线:1)以退火质子交换工艺为基础研究了平面波导、沟道波导,对具体的工艺流程及实验器具作了改进,并努力尝试制作出器件的核心部分。对实验中发现的新现象产生原因给出了详细的解释,并从实际工艺中摸索出了解决的办法。2)采用商用的电光调制器构成2位电光/AD转换器系统。设计并制作了探测电路,初步的实验结果证明了方案的可行性。
【Abstract】 The goal of the thesis is to design and fabricate a 2-bit electro-optic A/D converter based on computer simulation and experiments. The detailed analysis of the optical waveguide parameters, electrode optimization, electrooptic response and so on is performed.The waveguide parameters of the device are optimized by the Finite Difference Beam Propagation Method (FD-BPM) based on Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) substrate including abrupt bending waveguides and Y-branching waveguides. Based on the cosine bend branching waveguides, the parameters of 2-bit M-Z electrooptic A/D converter are designed. The waveguide parameters of 2-bit M-Z electrooptic A/D converter based on phase compensation microprims are also optimized.Based on a free SC tool from University of Delaware, the electrodes structure of the electrooptic A/D converter is anylized by confromal mapping method in detail. The simulating results show that the structures with low refractive index buffer layer in substrate, thick electrode can improve the performance of A/D converter in some degree. But these parameters have different effects on bandwidth, characteristic impedance and conductor loss. The tradeoff between bandwidth, characteristic impedance and conductor loss must be adopted in practical design to gain perfect modulation performance.The effect of velocity mismatch and transmission loss on output optical pulse, including pusle shape, amplitude, and width is quantitatively analyzed using Fourier transform techniques. The simulating results show that phase velocity mismatch will decrease the pulse peak, broaden the pulse width. While microwave attenuation only decreases the pulse peak, it does not broaden the pulse width. In addition, the frenquency reponse of the lumped-parameter electrode and traveling-wave electrode electrooptic A/D converter is discussed.The factors, such as transmission time of laser pulse, laser pulse width, the jitter of the sampling interval that has effects on the performances of the electrooptic A/D
【Key words】 lithium niobate; electro-optic modulator; optical waveguide; coplanar waveguide electrode; analog-to-digital;