新中国能源政策研究

【作者】 谢治国；

【导师】 胡化凯；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 科学技术史， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 新中国能源工业伴随着中国的成长已经走过了五十多年的曲折道路。在新中国成立五十多年来能源政策的演变过程中，存在着大量值得研究的问题，包括政策自身的具体内容，政策的制定背景、意图或目的，国家或有关部门为落实政策所采取的具体措施，政策的实施效果，政策成败的原因等等。随着能源产业在国民经济结构中所占地位的不断加强，前人对新中国能源产业的发展历程已经进行了较多的考察与研究，但其主要侧重点在于能源工业的发展建设与能源产业中某些行业的行业志，而对能源政策的系统研究则相对较少，尤其缺乏对能源政策发展过程的深入研究与分析。本文对新中国的能源政策进行了比较全面系统的回顾、分析和总结，对能源政策与国民经济发展的关系进行了一定的探讨。 本文主要依据中国社会经济几次重要的调整，把新中国成立以来的能源政策分为五个阶段：建国初期的恢复与奠基时期、大跃进时期、文革时期、改革开放到20世纪90年代中期和90年代中期以后。各个阶段不同的能源政策对中国的社会经济发展都产生了重要的影响。论文第一章指出建国初期采取了集中力量进行旧工业基地的恢复和东北等能源基地建设的能源战略，为社会主义工业化建设奠定了基础。论文第二章对中国能源工业在“大跃进时期"的主要政策，包括煤炭、石油工业的“大跃进”、电力部门“以水电为主”的发展方针等进行了回顾与分析，指出能源工业的“大跃进”，一方面带来了能源产量和资源勘探量的大幅度增长，另一方面，使得能源工业生产比例失调、能源基础设施建设浪费严重，直接后果是“大跃进”之后中国的能源产量出现了明显的下滑。论文第三章对“文化大革命”期间的主要能源政策进行了回顾与分析，探讨了政治运动对当时能源生产的影响。第四章分析和讨论了改革开放后至90年代中期，在市场经济体制形成过程中我国能源政策的形成与发展。论文第五章对上个世纪90年代中期以后的中国主要能源政策进行了回顾，并且对今后能源政策的发展方向作了一定的展望，认为在中国能源政策的研究、制订过程中，能源安全、可持续发展等观念越来越为能源政策研究者和制订者所重视，这体现了中国能源政策发展的新趋势。 本文的主要贡献在于系统地整理了新中国成立五十余年来所实行的主要能更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese energy industries have gone with the People’s Republic of China for more than fifty years. In the planned economy time, government give orders to energy industry form a strict scheme. There are lots of theoretical problem in the history of china energy policies. At the present time, energy industry is more important to Chinese national economy system than before, so there are much study in the development of the energy industry and the specifically energy industry, but the study to the history of energy policy is still scarcity. This paper analyzes and discusses the relationship of energy policy and the national economy.China’s energy industry had overcome many obstacles since 1949. So based on the alteration of energy industry, we divide the history of china energy policy into five phases: restoration period; The Great Leap Forward period; the Cultural Revolution period; the reform and open period; after the middle of 1990’s. The energy policy has importance impacts on the economy and society in every phase. In the fist chapter, we found that the stategy of give a focus on the old industry base laid a foundation for the society industrialization. In the second chapter, we found that the Great Leap of energy industry make the mount of energy product increased and destroyed the foundation of the energy industry at the same time.Chapter 3 analyzes the energy policies during the Sanxian and the Institutional Revolution times and discusses the impact of political campaign on energy.We disuss and analyze the energy policies in the reform and opened to outside world during the 1970’s to the middle of the 1990’s in the Chapter 4. In the fifth chapter, the author think the energy security, sustainable development would become the trend of china’s energy policy.The greatest contribution of this paper is to divide the history of china energy policy into five phases in the study of the history of energy policy historcy. And we study the structure of energy, energy layout, and energy industry organization. In the paper, the author analyses the systemic elements of energy policy and studies the relationship between energy policy and national economic, and find that some lose of更多还原