萧梁铸钱工艺与南宋关子钞版研究

【作者】 施继龙；

【导师】 王昌燧； 周卫荣；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 科学技术史， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 科技考古学与钱币学都是新兴的交叉学科。科技考古学侧重于利用自然科学手段解决考古问题，理所当然，钱币也是科技考古学的研究对象之一；钱币学在自身的形成和发展过程中也善于借鉴其它学科的理论、方法和手段。这样，两者结合起来进行交叉研究便是大势所趋。本文的主要内容集中在以下两个领域，即六朝时期萧梁铸钱工艺的模拟实验和南宋“关子钞版”及相关问题的交叉科学研究。金属铸币和纸币是中国古代钱币的两种最基本形式，其形态、材质、制作工艺都不相同。金属铸币的材质和制作工艺源于青铜器，并经过长期发展，形成其自身的体系，而纸币的材质源于造纸术，工艺源于印刷术。所以，从钱币发展的角度，本文两个部分的内容本质上具有密切的逻辑关系。 在萧梁铸钱工艺模拟实验开展之前，首先进行了多方面的准备工作，对历年发现的六朝铸钱遗址及相关铸钱遗物进行了系统的梳理和取样，并利用多种实验手段分析萧梁钱范样品的矿物组成、原料处理技术和表面铸造残留物成分，为模拟实验提供充分的依据。在此基础上，对萧梁铸钱工艺进行了制模、制范和浇铸实验，具体研究萧梁铸钱工艺各个环节的操作流程和工艺特点。模拟实验完成后对实验中出现的问题进行了认真的总结，测试了系列钱范样品的烧成温度，定量地探讨钱范的烧成温度与其浇铸成功与否的关系，并对模拟实验中出现的数次失败以及出土钱范废弃的原因进行了探讨。 对于南宋关子钞版及相关问题，本文作了六个方面的专题研究。首先，从文献入手并结合关子钞版实物，对关子纸币及关子钞版进行详细的介绍和考证。其次，分析关子钞版的成分和腐蚀产物，并对有关问题进行了有益的讨论。再次，利用体视显微镜观察关子钞版上与制作工艺有关的特征信息，对其制作工艺进行了研究。第四，从文献分析入手，详细考证了关子之前的几种典型宋代纸币如交子、钱引、会子的印刷工艺。在此基础上，结合关子钞版实物的工艺特征和相关文献记载，对关子钞版的印刷工艺进行了细致的分析和考证。此外，结合交子、钱引、会子、关子的印刷工艺，对纸币套印工艺起源、发展、演变的历程以及关子钞版在印刷史上的价值进行了探讨。第五，鉴于关子钞版在印刷史上的重要价更多还原

【Abstract】 Archaeometry and Numismatics are both rising interdisciplines in China. Archaeometry emphasizes solving archaeological problems by using methods of natural science, obviously, ancient currencies are one of the most important research objects of archaeometry; meanwhile, in its process of origining and developing, numismatics is good at using the reference of theories and methods from other disciplines. Consequently, combining archaeometry and numismatics so as to research them intersectant and more systematically is inevitable. This dissertation focus on two domains talked below: the simulative experimental study on the coin casting technology developed in the Liang Dynasty (502-557AD), Six Dynasties (222-589AD) and interdisciplinary study on the printing plates of the ’Guan Zi’ paper currency in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279AD). Metal mint and paper money are two basic forms of currencies in ancient China; however, great dissimilarities existed in the shape, material and technology of these two forms. The material and technology of metal mint originated from Bronze experienced a long period of development to form its own system; while as far as paper money is concerned, its material was came from paper making and its technology originated from printing. Forasmuch saw from the viewpoint of the development of currency, the essential content of the two kinds of money relates nearly in logic with each other.Before the simulative experimental study on the coin casting technology of Liang Dynasty extensively preparation was did such as investigated and sampled the coin moulds from the foundry sites of the Liang Dynasty, studied the chemical composition of the casting residue, mineral composition and processing technology on the raw material of the coin mould samples by using several kinds of analytical instruments, which supplied the simulative experiments with sufficient foundations. Based on those approaches the model-designing, model-making, mould-making and founding更多还原