【作者】 丁斌；

【导师】 陈晓剑；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 供应链管理是20世纪90年代兴起的现代管理思想，是管理思想与信息技术结合的产物。目前供应链管理是国内外管理研究的热点问题之一。产生这种局面的原因在于市场的国际化，客户需求的个性化、多样化与高速度，使得企业竞争演变为供应链之间的竞争。 供应链计划(SCP)是协调供应链成员的主要管理工具，对于整个供应链密切协作、更好地为客户服务具有重要意义，是供应链管理的核心。供应链计划系统的建立有两种思路，一是采用供应链管理系统(SCMS)；二是采用高级计划排程系统(APS)，实现供应链计划和成员企业内部计划排程相结合，分级优化。九十年代末以来，SCP逐步形成了以APS为主体、ERP为支撑的计划模型。 然而，由于理论和实际的差距，SCP模型存在以下一些主要问题： 1．优化环节上，只重视生产商、供应商、分销商之间的计划分配过程的优化，不重视订单处理过程。而这个过程的长短直接影响客户总的交付时间。 2．客户没有参与。计划系统局限于内部成员企业之间的协调。戴尔等公司的实践证明，客户的参与对于供应链运作是有利的。 3．视野限于核心企业内部。大部分模型着眼于提高生产率、控制制造成本，不能为客户和营销人员提供快速、及时的服务。 4．对信息技术过分强调。供应链管理建立在信息技术基础之上，但不能完全依赖信息技术，供应链成员之间不同类型的合作模式对信息技术的要求也应该不同。 5．缺乏实用性。一些专家学者的计划模型过于理想化，大量前提假设使模型与实际相差很远，复杂化、繁琐化加上单纯追求低成本／低库存水平，使国内有关供应链计划的模型缺乏实用性。 作者认为，判断计划系统的优劣不能单纯看其对少数指标的优化性，而更应该分析计划系统如何处理供应链内外部环境、能否对战略提供支持、能否为营销人员服务、能否提高企业快速市场反应能力，并进而提高企业竞争力。 因此，作者选择供应链计划的优化问题作为自己的研究方向，提出客户服务型生产计划优化模型，这种模型以客户需求的响应为导向，独立于核心企业，为整个供应链服务，计划过程与营销过程、客户服务过程相结合，不需要太复杂的系统支持就可以实现供应链成员之间的协同作业，以快速满足客户需求为目标，具备良好的市场竞争性。对于正处于起步阶段的我国供应链管理系统，这项研究工作具有更加现实的意义。 围绕着供应链计划模型的建立，作者在回顾供应链管理思想、供应链计划理论的基础上，分析了客户、供应链成员、企业内部对计划系统的要求，提出了以客户响应为特征的供应链管理框架、以客户服务为导向的生产计划分层次优化结构模型和客户服务型生产计划优化模型。全文分为8个部分： 绪论部分，主要阐述了本文的选题背景、研究主题和意义。 第1章为“供应链管理概述”，回顾供应链管理思想的变迁，并介绍了供应链管理的主要思想。 第2章为“供应链计划理论研究概述”，分析了传统企业计划计划理论的不足，回顾了企业计划从MRP发展到ERP的过程，重点总结了高级排程计划系统更多还原

【Abstract】 Supply Chain Management(SCM) is a thought of modern management rising in 1990’s. It is the combination of management idea and information technology. At present time, Supply Chain Management becomes one of the hotspots in the domestic and international management researches. The internationalization of market, the diversification , personalization and the super-speed demand of customers drives the research and application of SCM, which makes the competition between enterprises turns into the competition between supply chains.The Supply Chain Plan(SCP) is the main management tool for the coordination of Supply Chain partners. It’s very important to the closer cooperation of partners and better service for customers, and it’s also the core of SCM. There are two ways to setup a SCP system, one is the application of Supply Chain Management Systems(SCMS),and the other is the application of Advanced Planning and Scheduling System(APS). With these applications, supply chain partners can integrate their internal plans with SCP and make the plans optimized. Up to now, it is commonly recognized that a dominant APS and a supporting ERP system is the typical SCP structure.However, because of the gap between theories and reality, there still remain problems for SCP model as follows.1) In the optimization process of plan allocation between manufacturers, suppliers and distributors is studied much, and the process of order processing is often ignored, which directly influences the total delivery time to customers.2) Customers were not involved in planning process. The planning system pays much attention on the harmonizing of supply chain members. Practices in Dell et al. prove that customer involvement is beneficial to supply chain operation.3) The visual field of SCP is limited inside the core enterprise. Most models of production plan aim at increasing productivity and control manufacturing cost, and can’t provide rapid and just-in-time service for customers, salesmen.4) Information systems were over emphasized. SCM is based on information system, but we can’t rely on it. Different cooperation modes between supply chain members have different demands in information system.5) The theories can’t be applied to reality. The plan models of some scholars are too much idealistic, with large quantity of premise assumptions which make the model far away from reality. Complicate and tedious processes with a goal of simply low cost/low inventory level make such models not adaptable.Many small-and-middle sized supply chains lack advanced and practical supply chain planning tools. In our country, enterprises live in a bad external information technology environment and the inner management in level low. The partnership is not good at cooperation, APS/ERP applications appear to be apparently far away. They urgently demand advanced and practical supply chain planning tools.In the author’s opinion, in order to judge a good or bad plan system, we can’t see merely its optimization of a few indexes. We should analyze more how the plan system handles the inside and outside environment of the supply chain, whether it can provide support to strategy, whether it can serve salesmen, whether it can increase the ability of fast market reaction, and increase the competence.Therefore, author choice the SCP optimization as his research direction, and put forward the production plan optimization model with customer service. The model is guided by the respond of customer requirement. It’s independence from the core enterprise and serve the whole supply chain. The process of planning is combined with marketing process, customer service process. It can realize collaboration with partners without complicated system support. And the target of the model is to fulfill customers’ requirement, and it is competitive in the market. For our country that is in the start stage of supply chain management system, this research has more realistic meaning.Around the establishment of SCP model, the author give a review of supply chain更多还原