古代希腊的个人与自由

【作者】 邱国成；

【导师】 徐大同；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 笔者从对希腊(尤其是雅典)人有着重要且持续性影响的文化出发，论述希腊社会个人与自由意识的产生。广泛影响希腊人的性格、心理及思想的文化有四：思想文化包括广受希腊人传颂的史诗与广泛受到希腊人喜爱的戏剧(尤其是悲剧)；制度文化是民主制度与奴隶制度。目的在于探讨古代希腊的自由观念与近代自由观念的距离。 论文分为四个部分——导论、正文、余论、致谢。在导言部分中，主要交待本文写作的原因、目的及意义；前人所做出的研究的回顾；本文研究的可行性与必要性以及本文研究的方法策略、基本框架；正文部分一共四章。 第一章将对论文使用的两个重要概念进行界定，另外对古代希腊的自由术语进行一个简单的考证。论文使用的个人概念是在解构个人主义的基础上形成的，这一概念仅只是近代个人概念的某些层面。奴隶是指社会生命的取消，或社会意义上的死亡。受奴隶这一强大制度文化背景影响的希腊自由概念，本身有着自主之意，伴随着公共领域城邦的形成而成为雅典民主制度的核心价值。 第二章论述前城邦时代的个人与自由。此章从利于产生出个人与自由的希腊神话开始，着重阐述荷马史诗中带着强烈的个人特征的英雄对后来希腊人的影响。神话中的英雄当然不会是真正意义上的个人，而是有着明显个人特征。这些英雄通过代代传递的方式产生了某种对希腊人累积性影响，最终产生出个人意识来。确实，希腊人尤其是雅典人的变化速度惊人，若不是受这些有着鲜明个人特征的文化传统的影响，希腊人不可能在短短的时间内产生出个人意识来。与具有鲜明个人特征的英雄相伴随的就是受支配的妇女与奴隶，受抢夺的妇女在人类的历史上第一次道出对失去自由的恐惧。 第三章论述城邦繁荣时代的个人与自由。在此章中主要涉及到被边缘化的妇女个人与自由和作为城邦主人的公民个人与自由。以城邦边缘化妇女甚至使妇女几乎失去社会生命与意义为背景，在有关妇女悲剧作品与妇女社会生活的悲剧之间架起一座可资理解与分析的桥梁。在悲剧结构中，一方面是受边缘化的妇女，另一方面是悲剧妇女对社会的全面报复。这类个人也同样不是现代意义上的个更多还原

【Abstract】 I will research the idea of individuality and freedom of Greece starting from the important culture influence on the Greece mind. The important culture includes the four parts, the first is culture of hero, second is tragedy, third slavery and forth democracy.This paper is divided into four parts: introduction, text, remaining discussion and postscript. The introduction, relates the cause and aim and significance of the thesis, reviews the research of forerunner, testifies the feasibility and importance of this study, lays the blueprint and outline of thesis.In the first chapter, the concept of individuality and slave will be defined. For the sake of convenience of the subject, I had deconstructed the conception of the individualism before constructed the concept of individuality. I absorb some parts of the individualism and look these parts as the instrumental concept of the individuality that to be used to analyses the Greece. In this thesis, the slave means the social death or the deprived sociality. The Athenian get the concept of freedom or self-sovereign under the great influence of slavery, becoming the democracy at time of polis rising.The second chapter will discuss the culture of hero which has impacted the people of Greece. Surely the herons have some important characters which be prone to coming into being of the individuality. The savage hero s are the subjects who control the woman, in reality, they are pirates, hunters of outlanders or homidal maniac. The consciousness of freedom is born from the womb of the structure of controlled completely. The woman at first speaks the fear of slavery and long for the freedom.The third chapter will investigate the freedom at the times of polis booming, being divided two parts, first the woman and freedom, and second更多还原