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转TrxS基因啤酒大麦的分子检测和表达分析
Molecular Detection and Expression Analysis of Transgenic Malting Barley with TrxS Gene
【作者】 卫丽;
【导师】 尹钧;
【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 , 作物栽培学与耕作学, 2006, 博士
【摘要】 大麦是酿造啤酒的主要原料。随着我国啤酒产量的逐年增加,大麦使用量也成比例增加。从2002年起,我国成为世界啤酒第一生产大国,但国产啤酒大麦的生产和供应相对滞后,主要原因之一在于国内啤酒大麦在数量和质量上都不能满足啤酒工业的要求。目前我国啤酒大麦年需求量为300-350万吨,而国产啤酒大麦只有100多万吨,啤酒工业所需的啤酒大麦70%来自国外进口,我国已成为世界上最大的啤酒大麦进口国。啤酒大麦长期依赖进口,不仅影响啤酒企业健康的发展,而且受制于人。因此,只有发展国内啤酒大麦生产,啤酒工业的发展才能有可靠保证。 应用转基因技术进行大麦品质改良是大麦育种的一个新途径。近年来,国外有关硫氧还蛋白h(Trxh)的研究,为应用转基因技术进行大麦品质改良提供了可能。Trxh通过还原靶蛋白中的二硫键(S-S),在许多反应中起着至关重要的作用,参与细胞的各种代谢活动。研究表明,在种子发芽过程中,Trxh能促进淀粉酶的活性提高,增加贮藏蛋白的水溶性,使种子中的贮藏营养物质更易于水解以促进胚乳中的碳氮代谢。而啤酒大麦品质的评价指标如发芽势、发芽率、麦芽浸出率、糖化力等,与大麦种子淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性关系密切。因此,Trxh活性的高低与啤酒大麦品质之间有一定的相关关系。增加种子中Trxh的活性,有望改善大麦品质。来源于蓝色黑鸭草的TrxS基因,与硫氧还蛋白h基因有显著的同源性,两者的蛋白表达产物有相似的生物活性,具有硫氧还蛋白h的功能。将TrxS基因导入啤酒大麦品种中,有望提高种子中的Trxh活性,为大麦品质改良提供新途径。 本研究对获得的转TrxS基因啤酒大麦材料进行了分子检测、遗传分析和大麦籽粒生理生化特性测定,从分子水平上验证了目的基因已整合在大麦基因组中,并能够稳定遗传;目的基因在转基因啤酒大麦中能够正常转录和表达,并对目的基因的漂移和转基因大麦的品质性状等进行了研究。主要研究结果如下: 1.获得转TrxS基因啤酒大麦新品系 利用PCR、巢式PCR和PCR-Southern杂交等技术对转基因啤酒大麦豫啤1号、晋引6号和国外品种Harrington、Franklin后代植株进行检测,均检测到阳性植株。其中,豫啤1号、Franklin、Harrington的T1代PCR阳性检测率分别为50.6%、61.2%和67.3%;目的基因在不同材料中的遗传行为不同,外源基因在Harrington、晋引6号中是以单拷贝的形式整合在大麦基因组上,并能够稳定地遗传给后代;Franklin和豫啤1号部分株系符合3∶1的比例,但在后代自交过程中,外源基因发生丢失。经PCR跟踪检测与分析,得到纯合的转基因大麦新品系,为进一步进行外源基因的表达与功能研究奠定了基础。 2.初步明确了转TrxS基因在啤酒大麦中的作用机理 实时荧光RT-PCR检测表明目的基因导入大麦后,在RNA水平上能够正常表达;对转
【Abstract】 Barley is the main raw material for beer production. Because of the increasing of beer yield year by year, China has become the first in beer production of the world since 2002, however the domestic barley production lags behind. The main reason is that the quality of local barley varieties can’t meet the demand of beer production. According to the beer production, the beer industries need 3-3.5 million ton malting barley in China, while the actual yield is only 1 million ton each year in China. So beer industries have to import malting barley about 70 percent of total requirement abroad. It is to develop domestic malting barley production that meet the requirement and promote the healthy development of the beer industries.It is a new way to improve barley quality by using transgenic technology and it is possible to improve barley quality on the basis of researches on Trxh. Trxh, containing a redox-active disulfide bridge group, has been found to have an important role and participated in many kinds of metabolic activities. Trxh can enhance activities of amylase, protease and other enzymes during seed germination and promote the hydrolysis of endosperm storage substances such as starch and protein. While the main parameters of barley quality such as germination power, germation ratio, extract fine, diastatic power (DP) have a positive correlativity to the activation of α-Amylase. If the Trxh activity of barley seed could be promoted, the quality of barley may be improved. Thioredoxin S (TrxS) gene, isolated from Phalaris coerulescens, belongs to thioredoxin (trx) gene family. As far as catalysis reduction reaction of S-S was concerned, expression product of trxs gene had the same bio-function as Trx h. Transferring TrxS into barley may enhance Trxh activity and provide a new method for improving barley quality.This paper carried out molecular detection on transgenic plants by PCR, nested-PCR and PCR-Southern blotting, analyzed the genetic behaviour of TrxS gene in different barley lines; physiologic and biochemical changes were analyzed in the transgenic seeds, the results confirmed that the TrxS gene had been integrated into barley genome and could transcript normally and express in transgenic barley, the
【Key words】 malting barley; trxs gene; detection; expression; quality;