【作者】 张义平；

【导师】 李夕兵；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 随着社会的发展和爆破技术的广泛应用，人们对爆破震动危害的关注日益加强。尽管国内外研究者对爆破地震波的传播理论、危害机制、控制手段等方面进行了大量富有成效的研究，但由于爆破的瞬时性、危害性、传播介质的复杂性以及受震对象的多变性，爆破震动研究及灾害控制依然是一个艰巨而复杂的研究课题。基于此，结合国家自然科学基金重大项目“深部多相多场耦合作用及其灾害发生与防治”，提出了“爆破震动信号的HHT分析与应用研究”课题。本文作者在查阅大量国内外相关文献和进行大量爆破震动现场监测的基础上，利用MATLAB编程语言开发平台，就Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)理论在爆破震动分析、建(构)筑物受爆破震动能量破坏机理及爆破震动危害控制等方面的应用开展了深入而系统的研究。 1 在探讨HHT理论的原理、算法及存在问题的基础上，采用快速傅立叶变换(FFT)、短时傅立叶变换(STFT)、小波变换(WT)和Hilbert-Huang变换等，对爆破震动信号进行时频分析比较，结果证明了HHT法在爆破震动信号分析中的适用性和优越性。首次将HHT变换理论应用到爆破震动领域，开创了爆破震动信号处理的新方法。 2 首次运用小波变换和HHT法对实测爆破震动信号从信号重构、频谱特性、突变检测、分辨率和消噪滤波等方面进行了比较研究，并将经验模态分解(EMD)用于爆破震动信号的消噪滤波和微差延时的识别。 3 通过对信号进行HHT变换，得到IMF分量、瞬时能量、边际谱和能量谱，揭示了硐室大爆破地震波的时频特征、能量分布、传播规律及场地条件对震动波传播的影响规律。 4 创造性地从瞬时输入能量角度出发，结合HHT理论，研究了受爆破震动作用的建(构)筑物的破坏机理。结果表明爆破震动对建(构)筑物的损伤或破坏取决于信号最大瞬时输入能量，主要表现为“最大位移首次超越”和“塑性累积损伤”两种类型。瞬时输入能量是爆破震动三要素、地基特性和建(构)筑物本身特性等因素的综合反映。 5 考虑爆破地震波的时频特征、地震累积效应、结构特性及地基更多还原

【Abstract】 More and more attentions are focused on the influence of blast vibration in the extensive application of blast techniques. Many researchers have made investigation and exploration into it, However, due to its strong instantaneity, complexity of transmission medium and uncertainty, study on the control of blast vibration damage is still in its infancy. Aimed at the aforementioned problems, the author put forward a new studying subject on HHT analysis of blasting vibration(theory and applications), funded by Major program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50490272; 50490274). Through review of a great deal references and analysis of monitoring data from engineering blast, applications of Hilbert-Huang Transform in analysis of blasting vibration signals and the damage mechanism of structures suffered from blasting vibration as well as the control of blasting vibration damage were systematically investigated as follows:1 Based on exploration of the principle, algorithm and existing problems of HHT, blasting vibration signals were analyzed by FFT, STFT, WT and HHT. Results proved applicability and superiority of HHT analysis on the blasting vibration signals. HHT analysis was applied in blasting vibration fields originally, which developed a new method of processing the blasting vibration signals.2 For the first time, with the wavelet transform and HHT method, the monitored blast vibration signals were analyzed from signals reconstruction, frequency spectrum characteristics, and catastrophe detection, resolution and wave filtration and noise elimination. Empirical Mode Decomposition was used to filtrate, de-noise, and identify the delay time interval.3 Using IMF component, momentary input energy, marginal spectrum and energy spectrum, the author studied the time-frequency characteristics, energy distribution, transmission law and effect of field更多还原