【作者】 韩松；

【导师】 王德民；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油大学 ， 油气田开发工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 当前,世界上多数油田相继进入成熟开采期,而石油是不可再生的采掘性矿藏,如何最大程度地获得更多的石油能源对于世界经济的可持续发展具有重要的决定作用,因此,提高采收率技术受到世界范围的广泛关注。为了进一步挖掘石油储量,近年来,国内外都积极开展了大量的提高采收率技术研究和试验,主要包括聚合物驱技术、多元驱技术、混相驱技术、深度调剖技术等,获得良好的矿场应用效果,但是为了取得更好的效果,只有积极探索原理性的发明和发现,才能进一步提高采收率和措施效益。厚油层是大庆油田生产开发的主力油层,蕴藏着全油田60%以上的储量,虽经多年开采,仍有大量未动用的剩余油,具有广阔的挖掘潜力,因此,针对当前厚油层开发形势,积极开展攻关技术研究,有效地控制含水,提高采收率,意义是非常重大的。但目前油田已进入高含水开采阶段,含水高,含水速度上升较快,2005年底全油田综合含水达89.71%,基础井网开采的主力油层含水已达到90～95%,开采成本逐年增加,为此,针对高含水厚油层开发和高含水期油井生产特点提出了一项增产、增效、提高采收率技术,即,通过研制相渗透率改善剂和采用相应的工艺措施,在油层内获得不等比例降低油水渗透率的效果,从而控制油井含水增长,延长达到极限含水率前的采油期。通过在地层内改变流动的水油比,提高油层的含水饱和度,达到高含水厚油层增产和提高采收率目的。本文的主要研究内容及创新点是:⑴原创性地提出了应用相渗透率改善剂提高采收率的技术原理相渗透率改善剂由高分子聚合物或弱交联凝胶组成,在国外主要用于选择性堵水施工,本论文研究认为利用相渗透率改善剂具有不等比例降低油水相渗透率的性能,可改变油水流度比,因此,在其处理区域内和作用影响范围内含水饱和度升高,含油饱和度降低,提高油藏微观驱油效率,同时,相渗透率改善剂还具有驱油和改变波及体积的作用,因此,具有多种提高采收率作用机理,可更大程度地实现提高采收率的目的。⑵以控制含水和提高采收率为目标,在国内率先研制出适应的相渗透率改善剂在借鉴文献资料的基础上,研究出相渗透率改善剂体系,通过大量的岩心流动实验,评价了相渗透率改善剂体系不等比例降低油水相渗透率的性能。⑶通过物理模拟实验分析了应用相渗透率改善剂提高采收率的效果通过油水循环驱替的岩心流动实验,测定、分析在不同含水时机、注入不同深度和注入不同浓度相渗透率改善剂后,降低含油饱和度和提高采收率的效果,并通过在模型上取芯进行抽提实验加以验证。⑷采用带裂缝的一维均质模型和平面模型进一步进行了物理模拟实验研究模拟、分析了从采出井注入相渗透率改善剂,在压裂裂缝及井筒周围形成相渗透率改善剂处理带,控制含水率和提高采收率的效果。⑸采用数值模拟研究从宏观上评价、预测措施前后含油饱和度分布从宏观上研究了措施后含油饱和度变化和油井生产动态,计算获得了在有措施和无措施情况下的采收率,在大区域内,模拟出相渗透率改善剂处理带厚度、裂缝参数和措施时机,对提高采收率效果的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, a lot of oilfields on the world enter the mature productive life. As the oil is the non-renewable mineral resources for excavation, how to get more petroleum resources to the greatest extent will play an important role in world economic continued development. Therefore, the technique to improve recovery efficiency has an extensive attention worldwide.To further excavation petroleum resources, study and test to improve recovery efficiency technique have developed enthusiastically at home and abroad in recent years. They are polymer flooding technique, polyatomic flooding technique, miscible flooding technique, deep profile control technique and so on. These techniques got good applied results. To get better results, we work hard to explore the invention and discovery in principle in order to further improve recovery efficiency and benefit of methods.Thick bed is the main oil reservoir of developing Daqing oilfield which contains over 60% resources all over the field. The oilfield has developed for many years, but it has a lot of non-producing remaining reserves to have extensive excavation potential. Therefore, according to the situation of developing thick beds now, the technical study should be worked hard to effectively control water cut and to improve recovery efficiency, its significance being great. Since the oilfield entered the high water cut stage, water-bearing speed was very fast and the water cut high. The overall water cut of the whole field reached 87% at the end of 2000. The water cut of main reservoir produced by basic well networks reached 90~95%, the production cost increased year by year. Therefore, according to the development of thick beds with high water cut and the production characteristics of oil wells at high water cut stage, we present the well stimulation to improve recovery efficiency, that is to say, we developed the relative permeability modifiers (RPM) and used the corresponding technologies to complete the result of the disproportionate permeability reduction (DPR) in the oil reservoir, controlling the water cut increase of oil wells and prolonging the production life. The object of improving recovery efficiency and increasing production of thick beds with high water cut were obtained by changing the flow water-oil ratio (WOR) in the formation to improve the water saturation in the oil reservoir.The main research contents and new ideas are as follows:⑴Creativity presents the technical principle of using the relative permeability modifiers (RPM) to improve recovery efficiency. The relative permeability modifiers (RPM) are composed of high molecular polymer or weak cross-linked gel. It is mainly used to plug water selectively. The paper studied and considered that RPM has the characteristic of DPR to change oil-water mobility ratio. Therefore, the water saturation should rise and the oil saturation should drop in the operational zone and the extent of action effect to improve the microscopic oil displacement efficiency. At the same time, RPM also has the action of driving oil and changing swept volume, or it has many action mechanisms to reach the object of improving recovery efficiency to the greatest extent.⑵RPM was developed firstly at home with the aim of controlling water cut and improving recovery efficiency.On the basis of using the literature for reference, RPM system was developed. The characteristics of RPM更多还原