【作者】 许继琴；

【导师】 万君康；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放以来，我国的产业集群崛起，造就了“中国制造”强大的国际竞争力，但产业集群的进一步发展面临着低成本时代结束后成本上升与技术创新不足的双重压力，急需产业集群的技术创新能力和创新绩效以实现从低成本集群向创新集群的转变，构建基于产业集群的区域创新系统是实现这一转变的重要途径。本文以产业集群理论、创新系统理论为依据，在产业集群形成机制、创新模式研究的基础上，提出基于产业集群的区域创新系统模型及其构建思路，并以宁波市为例，构建基于产业集群的区域创新系统。 论文指出，产业集群的形成是多种聚集机制共同作用的结果，随着知识经济的来临以及产业集群自身从低成本集群向创新集群的转变，产业集群的聚集机制正在从传统的聚集经济向技术创新效应转变，聚集经济的概念应从传统的外部规模经济和外部范围经济的复合体拓展到技术创新效应。产业集群的技术创新以合作创新为主要形式，是一种建立在创新集群基础上的集群式创新。建立在技术关联基础上的创新集群是产业集群技术创新规律所在，合作创新是技术交易高成本、高风险和网络互动条件下企业技术创新的组织选择，产业集群的地理集中性、网络结构、技术关联等为集群内的企业开展基于技术关联的合作创新提供了优越的生态环境，产业集群中的企业及其支撑机构开展基于技术关联的合作创新呈现出一种新的技术创新组织形式——集群式创新。 论文界定了创新系统、产业集群创新系统及基于产业集群的区域创新系统的概念与内涵，提出创新系统是系统范式在技术创新领域的应用，现有的创新系统研究是基于技术基础上的，从系统的边界角度可分为两种类型。一是以行政区域为边界的国家创新系统和区域创新系统，二是以技术联系为边界的技术系统、部门创新系统等。产业集群创新系统是产业集群创新网络与产业集群创新环境的叠加，产业集群的创新平台和创新规制则是产业集群创新的重要环境，产业集群创新系统为集群学习提供了空间。基于产业集群的区域创新系统是企业创新系统、产业集群创新系统和区域创新系统的三级耦合。企业创新系统是基础，产业集群创新系统是核心，三级系统之间的耦合是关键。基于产业集群的区域创新系统是包含了企业创新系统的集群创新系统与区域创新环境的叠加，集群创新系统嵌入在区域创新环境之中。 论文论述了构建基于产业集群的区域创新系统须遵循产业集群导向和区域导向原则，认为波特的产业集群判定方法适用于国家层面，空间基尼系数不适宜于产业集群的判定，提出以区位商为主，参考空间基尼系数，是区域层面产业集群界定的可行之法。依照区位商方法，指出宁波市最有可能存在产业集群的行业是文教体系用品制造业和纺织服装制造业，其次是石化、冶金、造纸等重化工业，和包括电气机械与器材制造、通用设备制造、仪器仪表制造等的机电行业。结合宁波市现已形成的三大产业体系，可以将宁波市的产业集群分为传统优势产业集群、临港产业集群和高新技术产业集群三大类。宁波市的传统优势产业集群多为自发型产业集群，具有显著的根植性。公共设施共享是临港产业集群最主更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the reform and opening, upgrowth of industrial clusters has resulted in strong international competitiveness of "Made-in-China". Nevertheless, further development of industrial clusters has been held back by both rise of costs and deficiency of technical innovation after the era of low costs. Therefore, innovative capacity and innovative performance are needed to achieve transition from low-cost cluster to innovative cluster, for which it is important to construct regional innovation system based on industrial clusters. The thesis, according as industrial cluster theory and innovation system theory, on the basis of research on the formation mechanism of industrial clusters and innovation modes, puts forward the regional innovation system model based on industrial clusters. With Ningbo as an example, it constructs the regional innovation system based on industrial clusters.The thesis points out that the formation of industrial clusters is a result from multiple assembling mechanisms. As a result of the knowledge economy and transition of the industrial cluster from low-cost cluster to innovation cluster, the assembling mechanism of industrial clusters is turning from traditional assembling economy to technical innovation effects. Thus, the content of assembling economy is supposed to be extended from traditional external scale economy and external scope economy to technical innovation effects. Technical innovation of industrial clusters is mainly of corporative innovation, is of clustering innovation based on innovation clusters. Innovation cluster based on technical correlations is a law of industrial cluster innovation. Corporative innovation is an organizational selection of enterprises for technical innovation under the circumstance of high costs and high risks of technical transactions and internet interaction. Geographic concentration, network structure and technical correlations provide an ideal entironment for corporative innovation based on technical correlations. Enterprises inside the industrial cluster as well as support organizations carrying on corporative innovation based on technical correlations are forming a new technical innovation organization -clustering innovation.The thesis defines innovation system, industrial cluster innovation system and regional innovation system based on industrial clusters. It points out that innovation system is an application of system paradigm in the field of technical innovation. The present innovation system is usually based on technology. In term of system boundary, it falls into two categories. One is the national innovation system and regional innovation system confined by administrative boundaries. The other is technical system, departmental innovation system and so on confined by technical relations. The industrial cluster innovation system is an overlapping of industrial cluster innovation net and industrial cluster innovation environment. Industrial cluster innovation更多还原