【作者】 胡军；

【导师】 李士雪；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 社会医学与卫生事业管理， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放以来，我国国民经济取得了举世瞩目的成就，但在经济快速增长的同时，经济与社会发展不协调、城乡发展差距不断拉大等问题日益突出。中国有约80％的农村人口，农村居民的健康是关系到农村社会经济健康发展，关系到城乡协调发展，政治、经济、文化协调发展的大事。1997年中共中央、国务院在《关于卫生改革与发展的决定》中明确提出：加强农村卫生组织建设，完善县、乡、村三级卫生服务体系。《中共中央、国务院关于进一步加强农村卫生工作的决定》中指出：2010年应当实现全体人口卫生服务的可及性目标，保证所有人都能获得初级卫生保健，不断提高基本公共卫生服务质量。农村公共卫生工作是保障广大农民健康，保护农业生产力，振兴农村经济和维护社会稳定的大事。努力提高农村公共卫生服务水平已不仅仅是关心和解决农民的健康问题，而是一个重要的社会问题。 建立适应社会主义市场经济体制和农村社会经济发展要求，具有预防保健、健康教育等服务功能的农村疾病预防控制体系，是农村卫生建设的主要任务。我国的农村疾病预防控制体系是在计划经济体制下建立起来的，曾经成功解决了世界五分之一人口的健康保障问题，曾经为保护广大农民健康发挥了巨大作用，如一些在旧中国长期肆虐的传染病、寄生虫病和地方病得到了有效的控制，儿童普遍进行了计划免疫、妇幼保健工作得到了加强，农民的人均期望寿命得到了提高。但随着改革开放后农村经济的初步转型、随着社会主义市场经济的逐步建立，社会各项改革的不断深入，特别是随着农村经济体制和财税体制的改革的深入，传统的农村疾病预防控制体系的外部条件和支持系统发生了重大变化，出现了一些新的情况和新的问题。农村疾病预防控制体系发展的障碍是什么，体系的运行状况如何，越来越受到广泛关注，因此，在当前形势下，对农村疾病预防控制体系进行深入研究有非常重要的现实意义。 虽然已经有些关于农村疾病预防控制体系的研究，但主要是些简单描述，缺乏系统研究，借助于中国疾病预防控制中心农村公共卫生政策软课题研究项目，更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the reform and opening to the outside, China has been obtaining outstanding achievement in national economy. With the rapid development of the economy, some problems, such as the inharmony between the development of economy and society and the increasing gap between urban and rural areas, have become more and more serious day by day. There are more than 80 percent of the population in rural areas, so the health care of the rural residents is an important question, which is related to the healthy development of rural society and economy, the harmonious development between urban and rural areas, between politics, economy and culture.In 1997, the central government made it clear in The Decision On Reform And Development Of Health Care that we should enhance the development of the rural health care organizations and perfect the three - level health care service system in village, town and county, and pointed out in The Decision Of Further Enhancing the Health Care In Rural Areas that we should achieve the available goal of the health service for all the people by 2010: all people have access to the primary heath care, and promote the quality of the basic public health service unceasingly. Striving to enhance the quality of the rural health service is not only an issue to care and solve the health problem for the rural residents, but also an important social issue.It is the main mission for the construction of rural health care to set up a public health service system, which adapts to the socialist market economy system and the development of the rural society and economy, with functions of prevention, health care, heath education, etc. In China, as the main body of the rural public health care system, the system of disease control and prevention was established under the更多还原