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溶致液晶模板法组装无机/有机纳米杂合体
【作者】 隋震鸣;
【导师】 陈晓;
【作者基本信息】 山东大学 , 物理化学, 2006, 博士
【摘要】 双亲分子构建的溶致液晶材料的研究,因其结构多样性、模板的连续性、对称性以及内部微观区域的尺寸大小可以预先设计和调节,因此作为模板用于组装已引起人们越来越多的关注。本论文试图利用液晶模板的有序结构特性,在不同的介观空间内组装不同性质的纳米粒子,从而获得具有特定功能性质的纳米材料。研究内容主要包括以下三部分: 第一部分首先制备了带不同电荷的贵金属、半导体和磁性亲水纳米粒子,为后续纳米粒子组装实验作准备。分别以不同的表面活性剂作包覆剂,制备带负电或正电的纳米粒子。通过改变包覆剂种类与浓度、前驱体和还原剂配比来调控粒子大小与尺寸分布,并通过紫外-可见吸收光谱和透射电镜对产物进行表征。然后通过调节溶液中乳化剂和无机盐的浓度以及溶液的酸碱度,将油酸钠包覆的纳米粒子从水相转移到有机溶剂中,以得到亲油纳米粒子。 第二部分,以琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(AOT)形成的层状溶致液晶(LLC)作为物理模板组装了具有不同性质纳米粒子(带负电或正电的金属纳米粒子,以及CdS半导体纳米粒子)。通过调控模板的相结构、粒子的种类、大小和表面性质真正实现了在同一物理模板的不同介观空间内同时掺杂不同性质的纳米粒子。通过研究金属、半导体纳米粒子在液晶模板中组装,利用偏光显微镜(POM)和小角X射线散射(SAXS)技术深入考察了不同因素变化对液晶模板结构的影响,以及模板与纳米粒子之间各种物理相互作用的作用机制,总结出影响纳米结构复合体系稳定性的因素,为研究新型功能结构材料设计、发展器件用复合材料、生物催化和分析及药物纳米控释提供了新的方法和新的思路。 在论文第三部分,将Ag和Au纳米粒子掺入分别由非离子表面活性剂[四氧乙烯基正十二烷基醚(C12EO4)]和阳离子表面活性剂[十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)]构建的溶致液晶层状模板中。利用POM和SAXS方法,对比掺杂前后层状结构本身以及其有序性的变化,从而研究纳米粒子的掺杂对不同类型表面活性剂构建的层状液晶模板相结构的影响,筛选了保持模板层状结构的稳定杂合体。在此基础上,选择由C12EO4构建的可在掺杂过程中保持结构稳定的层状液晶模板,掺杂油酸铵包覆的亲水性Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,重点考察层间距和
【Abstract】 Varying techniques for the templated fabrication of novel nanostructures have been developed in recent years. Among them the lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) with long-range structural order is a useful template used to assemble functional nanomaterials, because of its inherent tunablity and many other useful characteristics. In this paper, pre-fabricated inorganic nanoparticles are introduced selectively to aqueous or organic domains of lamellar phases built from different surfactants to obtain stable hybrids with novel properties. There are three main experimental studies included in this dissertation.In the first section, noble metal (Ag, Au), semiconductor (CdS) and magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticle (NPs) with different charges are prepared. We utilize different surfactant molecules as capping agent to fabricate negatively or positively charged particles, and tune the diameter and dispersion of NPs by changing capping agents’ species and concentration. UV-visible spectrum and Transmission electronic microscopy are used to characterize products’ morphology. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) are adopted to respectively investigate NPs’ surface properties. Under vigorous stirring circumstance, a certain amount of emulsifier and inorganic salts are added to the mixture of hydrosol and isooctane, then, nanoparticles capped with sodium oleate molecules are induced to transfer into organic solvents.In the second part, a lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) with long-range structural order built from AOT (sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) / isooctane / water ternary system is employed as template to assemble diverse NPs (including negatively or positively charged metal and semiconductor NPs). The lamellar hybrid with different particles doped simultaneously into LLC’s dissimilar meso-region is realized, through tuning template’s structure and particles’ surface properties. The stability of the hybrid systems is discussed with regard to size compatibility,
【Key words】 nanoparticle; nanomaterial; lyotropic liquid crystal; template; SAXS;