《周易参同契》思想研究

【作者】 马宗军；

【导师】 丁原明；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国哲学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 鲁迅先生说：“中国根柢在道教。”而“道之所秘者，莫若还丹；还丹可验者，莫若龙虎；龙虎之所自出者，莫若《参同契》焉。”因此，研究《参同契》，不仅对中国文化史、道教史，而且对易学史、科学史和生命科学史，都具有十分重要的意义。 但是，《参同契》“词韵皆古，奥雅难通”。即使像朱熹这样的大儒，也曾为此书“终日不寐”，竟慨叹“不得其传，无下手处”。其他学者更是“仁者见之谓之仁，智者见之谓之智。”以“阴阳注之”者，有之；以外丹注之者，有之；以内丹注之者，亦有之。这无疑丰富、发展了《参同契》的思想，然均有其偏，“殊失其奥旨矣。” 鉴于古今学界在《参同契》研究上的成就与不足，本文不揣学识浅陋，试图站在巨人的肩膀上，充分吸取前哲今贤的研究成就，深入探讨其天道观和思维方式；并以此为观照，而剖析其易道、内外丹等思想，也兼及其相关联的科学思想；以求获得对《参同契》的整体认识，并对其历史地位和学术价值作出合理的评价。在研究方法上，主要坚持了三点，即：一是全面的观点。《参同契》是一个文化系统，“大易性情”、“炉火之事”、“引内养性”，三位一体，圆融无碍。只有对《参同契》作全面考察，既要考察其易学思想，又要研究其外丹思想和内丹思想，才能完整地把握其思想体系的建构。二是历史的观点。《参同契》成书于东汉时期，魏伯阳是“第一作者”。“修丹与天地造化同途”，“天道”与“丹道”是完全统一的。《参同契》以周易盖天说为基础，吸收了“浑天说”的“基本内核”和“宣夜说”的“合理内核”提出了“乾坤坎离”的宇宙结构论，并利用河图五行数建构了人体模型，使“天道”与“丹道”有机地结合起来，故研究该书，不能脱离其所处的时代文化状况。三是坚持考证与义理相结合的方法。该书对外丹、内丹的表述多以隐语或暗语的形式表达出来，这就需要我们多方面考证道经、道典，将其真正的含义抽绎出来。但是，如果只重视考证，而不进行义理的阐释剖析，就会跟着史料走而不得其义。因此，还需要用现代哲学理论去驾驭它、分析它以求弄清楚其理论真相。 全文分导论、五章共六大部分。导论主要叙述了研究《参同契》的意义、现状和本文创新之处、研究方法。第一章《周易参同契》其书，论述了《参同契》的作者和成书年代，并分析了《参同契》题解、主要内容以及思想来源。第二章更多还原

【Abstract】 Lu Xun said: "The Taoist religion is the foundation of Chinese culture. " Owing to "golden elixir is the secret of the Dao, and the efficacy of it through Long-Hu(龙虎), and Long-Hu(龙虎)is the right content of the Three Ways Unified and Normalized of the Book of Changes ".so the research about Three Ways Unified and Normalized of the Book of Changes has important meaning to the history of Chinese culture, the history of the Taoist religion, the history of Yi studies, and the history of science especially life sciences.But the words of Three Ways Unified and Normalized of the Book of Changes are very hard to understand even the famous Scholar Zhu Xi had no sleep all day long and sigh with regret that there is no place to put his hand to it. Different scholars have different understandings about the book, for example ,some annotate it with Yin-yang, some explain it with outer alchemy and also have people think that the content of the book is about inner alchemy. Different ideas enriched and developed the book and they are all correct with reason from different angles but they all cannot open out the real meaning of the book.In view of the accomplishment and deficiency of the research about Three Ways Unified and Normalized of the Book of Changes and in order to get a whole understanding about it and reasonably appraise its history value and learning value, on the basis of fully absorbing the research fruits previously in all ages, the article discusses its Viewpoint on Heavenly Laws and its thinking mode and according to this the article also analyzes its thought about Yi. inner and outer alchemy and science. The article insists on three methods: First is the idea of overall. Three Ways Unified and Normalized of the Book of Changes is a culture system which includes Zhou Yi, Stove Fire and Huang Lao and the three form an organic whole. Only using the overall idea, not only reviewing its thought about Yi but also its inner and outer alchemy thought, we can fully master its system. Second is the idea of history. Three Ways Unified and Normalized of the Book of Changes formed in Donghan Dynasty and Wei Bo-yang is its "first author". On the basis of Gaitian Theory of Yi ,the book also absorbed the kernel of Huntian Theory and Xuanye Theory. By consolidating these data, it put更多还原