【作者】 刘金平；

【导师】 张新全；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本研究以‘广益’和‘重高’为对照，对西南地区的60多份野生牛鞭草资源，从构件组成、形态特点、生长习性、生产性能、抗逆性能、生理生化基础、遗传基础、利用途径等角度系统地进行了分析、评价与筛选，结果表明： 1)不同种群构件性状与数量呈现出变异性，叶长、叶宽、单蘖叶片数、无性系叶片数的变异系数分别为24.95％、20.00％、14.12％、43.56％；茎直径、节直径、节间长、单蘖节数、直立茎长度、匍匐茎长度、直立茎数、匍匐茎数的变异系数分别为21.11％、22.42％、20.10％、12.14％、46.73％、20.14％、72.76％、37.97％；根系深度、根系分布范围、分蘖面积的变异系数分别为19.81％、37.65％、33.68％；花序长、花序宽、花序厚、单蘖花序数、直立茎生殖蘖比例、匍匐茎生殖蘖比例的变异系数分别为13.33％、13.42％、14.80％、36.10％、118.96％、81.44％。不同种群构件生物量结构变异性丰富，叶生物量、茎生物量、根生物量、花序生物量变异系数分别为78.51％、91.66％、45.64％、192.24％；构件的数量差异高于性状差异，无性系种群差异主要体现在分蘖能力与空间拓展能力上。野生资源生态型变异性和对环境的适应性，为优异性状选择、品种选育、资源开发利用提供了丰富的物质基础。 2)无性繁殖单株根形成时间、根系入土深度、根系分布范围存在着差异；苗期分蘖的产生表现出明显的节律性，长到15～20cm时，都转向横向生长，而再生分蘖开始表现为纵向生长，随着株高的增加，逐渐转为横向生长，致使植株形态发生变化；材料匍匐性指数变异系数高达55.81％；植株拓展面积变异范围为0.72～5.53m~2，变异系数为49.67％；拓展能力变异范围为0.16～5.58m~3，变异系数高达104.17％；拓展熵变异系数达74.29％；拓展效益变异范围为0.38～3.16kg／m~3，变异系数为50.34；单株拓展能力与纵向拓展参数、横向拓展参数与拓展面积为正相关(相关系数分别为0.8908、0.6620、0.6749)；拓展熵与拓展能力为负相关(r=-0.6255)；拓展效益与拓展熵为正相关(r=0.8429)，而与拓展能力为负相关(r=-0.5310)；扁穗牛鞭草种质资源空间拓展能力与拓展效益的多样性，为优异基因选择利用和优质品种选育提供了丰富的资源基础。 3)花序产生时间变异范围达25天，持续时间变异范围为32～116d；变异系数由大到小的顺序为直立枝有序比例＞直立枝最大花序数＞直立枝平均花序数＞直立枝产序节数＞匍匐枝平均花序数＞匍匐枝最大花序数＞匍匐枝有序比例＞匍匐枝产更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, about 60 strips of wild Hemarthria compressa germplasm resources in the southwest china were be studied. The targets were about of synthetically analyzed and evaluated germplasm characteristics such as component composition, morphological property, grow behaviour, production performance, resistance performance, physiological and biochemical basis, hereditary basis and the way of use, etc. The resultshows as follows:1) There existed diversity among quantitative character in the different populationcomponents. The coefficient of variation(CV) for leaf length, leaf width, leaf number of each tiller and leaf number of each cloned plant was 24.95%,20.00%,14.12%,43.56%,respectively. The CV for stem diameter, eustipes daimeter, eustipes length, eustipes number of each tiller, the length of erect stem and stolon stem, and the number of erect stem and stolon stem was 21.11%, 22.42%, 20.10%, 12.14%, 46.73%, 20.14%, 72.76%, 37.97%, respectively. The CV for root length, the range of roots, the area of roots was 21.11%, 22.42%, 20.10%, 12.14%, 46.73%, 20.14%, 72.76%, 37.97%,respectively. The CV for the length, width and thickness of inflorescence, inflorescence number of each tiler, the ratio of erect stem to seminal branch and the ratio of stolon stem to seminal branch was 13.33%, 13.42%, 14.80%, 36.10%, 118.96%, 81.44%, respectively. Meanwhile, the rich diversity for biomass structure in different population components was found. The CV of biomass for leaf, stem, root and inflorescence was 78.51%, 91.66%, 45.64%, 192.24%, respectively. Moreover, the quantitative difference of each component was higher than its characteristic difference. The rich ecotype and environmental suitability for these wild resources are very beneficial to selecting and using excellent breeds and strains.2) For the cloned plant, there is a difference in the time of root formation, the depth of更多还原