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果蝇嗅觉基因的筛选、鉴定及其功能的研究

A Screen for Genes Altering the Olfactory Map in Drosophila and Studies on Their Functions

【作者】 周伟光

【导师】 程安春; 汪铭书; Huey Hing;

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 , 预防兽医学, 2006, 博士

【摘要】 果蝇嗅觉系统的特点及相应技术的独特结合,使果蝇成为研究嗅觉的理想模式系统。本文采用SG18.1-Gal4/UAS基因筛选系统对改变果蝇嗅觉发育的基因进行了大规模筛选,并对分离到的Akap200进行了功能鉴定,旨在通过对果蝇嗅觉系统的异位表达筛选,揭示作用于嗅觉神经的基因,为研究其功能提供大量有意义的资源。在果蝇S2细胞上对通过调节基因筛选获得的nrg基因功能进行了研究,并对nrg和limk基因相互作用的分子机制进行了探索。主要内容包括: 1.本文首次利用SG18.1-Gal4/UAS基因筛选系统对果蝇嗅觉基因进行了筛选和鉴定:结果表明,所采用的方法可以快速、有效地分离到果蝇嗅觉相关基因;从1515株果蝇P{GS}品系分离到86株突变体,其中40株有明显表型,从中鉴定了23个基因,这些基因在ORN强迫表达时可以损坏果蝇嗅叶的固有结构;在筛选中发现的一些调节嗅觉图谱发育的基因可以编码新蛋白或编码参与轴突生长和细胞骨架重塑的蛋白;为了便于研究,根据基因的功能和所编码蛋白的特点,我们对分离到的基因进行了分类,即参与轴突引导和突触产生、调节转录、调节细胞骨架和功能未确定或未知的基因;并通过对嗅觉感觉器的检测发现,除了调节转录的基因外,其他基因对触觉器的数量和分布影响不明显。 2.首次分析了Akap200基因对果蝇嗅觉发育的影响,发现超量表达Akap200可以使嗅小球发生融合,然而缺失Akap200可导致嗅小球的形态改变或出现异常的嗅小球,而且会影响ORN的正确定位过程。 3.构建了果蝇nrg基因细胞内片段真核表达载体:根据nrg180基因的DNA序列设计合成了一对特异性引物,扩增出了含有整个nrg180基因细胞内片段的序列,通过序列鉴定后,应用T/A克隆和亚克隆成功地构建了S2细胞表达载体pRmHa3-nrg180-Cd,为研究nrg180基因细胞内片段功能打下了基础。 4.利用果蝇S2细胞对Nrg蛋白的特性进行了研究:应用阳性脂质体转染法,将不同的Nrg蛋白形式转染到果蝇S2细胞并成功地获得了表达,优化的转

【Abstract】 The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an attractive model system for studying olfaction, duo to the unique combination of the organism’s features and techniques available for use with Drosophila. In order to reveal genes effect on Drosophila olfactory nerve system and to provide significant resources for studying their functions, we initiated a genetic screen for genes altering the olfactory map in Drosophila by means of SG18.1-Gal4/UAS system, and characterized Akap200 gene, isolated in this study. We analyzed nrg gene isolated by a modifier screen in S2 Drosophila cell and investigated the molecular mechanism of interaction nrg with Limk. The main contexts are briefly described below.1. we initiated a genetic screen for Drosophila olfactory genes by means of SG18.1-Gal4/UAS system: The result validates our screen as an rapid, effective approach for recovering genes controlling glomerular map patterning; From a misexpression screen of 1,515 P{GS} lines, we identified 23 genes that, when forcibly expressed in the olfactory receptor neurons, disrupted the stereotyped anatomy of the Drosophila antennal lobes; These genes, which have not been shown previously to control olfactory map development, encode novel proteins as well as proteins with known roles in axonal outgrowth and cytoskeletal remodeling. To begin to understand the effects of the P{GS} elements on the development of the ALs, we classified the lines by the nature of the genes affected and their influence on external sensilla development: Genes involved in axon guidance and synaptogenesis; Genes involved in transcription; Genes involved in cytoskeleton remodeling; Genes of undefined

【关键词】 果蝇嗅觉基因筛选嗅觉图谱S2细胞dsRNAi
【Key words】 Drosophilaolfactory mapgenetic screenS2 celldsRNAi
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