【作者】 张锦华；

【导师】 张新全； 刘淑珍；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 草地的恢复演替和监测是草地生态恢复和牧区可持续发展研究的重要内容。西藏高寒草原地区车辆碾压严重破坏草地，而矮嵩草草甸是该地区主要的草地类型之一。本文研究碾压破坏矮嵩草草地恢复演替规律，为退化草地恢复提供理论和技术支持：同时在“3S”技术的支持下，对草地遥感监测方法进行探讨。 本文首先该对地区矮嵩草草甸恢复演替过程中的群落数量特征、地下生物量、地上生物量进行分析；接着探讨了植物区系和植物多样性特征；然后再对不同阶段的土壤物理特性、化学组成进行分析，并对土壤质量综合评价；在此基础上构建植物多样性生态空间模型，应用模型对演替不同阶段的植物生态空间分布特征进行分析，探讨植物多样性维持的机制；然后根据GPS提供的地理坐标，进行退化草地地理空间信息与遥感影像信息的相关分析，建立试验区退化草地评价的遥感信息模型，应用GIS的空间叠加分析功能，采用评价后比较的方法进行退化草地监测研究；最后，运用定性、定量综合分析的方法对草地退化驱动力系统进行研究。研究得出主要结论如下： (1)调查样方植物区系组成物种贫乏，以菊科、豆科、禾本科、蔷薇科、莎草科和石竹科植物最为重要，调查样方内累计出现高等植物41种，分属于13科30属，其中菊科，豆科，禾本科，蔷薇科四大科合计12属19种，占全部种数的46.34％。植被演替过程中植物科属种的累积为逻辑斯蒂增长，有43％的科、属、种在植被恢复的前期出现，演替中期达到80以上。物种丰富度指数(Margalef指数)、多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数)以及Pielou均匀度指数的变化均表现为逻辑斯蒂函数变化规律；综合多样性指数(C)表现为峰值曲线，前期和后期均比较低，而中期最高。 (2)群落主要数量特征和综合数量随演替逻辑斯谛增长。群落特征主要受优势种控制，优势种变化趋势与群落一致，亚优势种和主要伴生种变化规律性不明显。优势种和亚优势种的重要性随演替进程逐渐分离。 地下生物量和地上生物量都呈逻辑斯谛增长，地下生物量最低为更多还原

【Abstract】 The recovering succession and monitoring of degenerated rangeland are important to rehabilitate and sustainable development of grassland ecosystem in pastoral area. The rangeland was damaged hardly by vehicle trampling in north Tibet, and the Kobrisia humulis alpine is one of the main grassland in the district. It was studied in the article that the recovery succession of Kobrisia humulis alpine after tramping disturbance, which supporting the reestablishment of rangeland in theory and technique. The monitoring method was studied for grassland degradation using 3S techniques, which improves the methods for grassland degradation monitoring by using remote sensing.The plant components and plant diversity were analysis firstly in recovering succession of degenerated Kobressia humulis alpine; then the community characteristics, biomass underground and up ground were analysis; then the soil quality was comprehensively evaluated including physics and chemises; then the plant diversity model in eco-space was established, which distribution characteristics and the maintain mechanism of plant diversity were analyzed. Then, with the support of GIS space overlapping analysis technique, study on dynamic monitoring of grassland degradation is conducted by means of post-assessment comparison. Last, driving factors of grassland succession were analyzed by adoption of qualitative and quantitative methods, and a sustainable development pattern of forage industry was suggested based on the external conditions of study area. There are some conclusions as follows:更多还原