【作者】 夏海武；

【导师】 吕柳新；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 果树学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 白黎芦醇在结构分类上属于芪类，是芪类最重要的活性成分之一。人们很早就发现含有芪类的树木不易腐烂，所以芪类有“植物杀菌素”之称。现代药理实验表明，白黎芦醇具有广泛的生理活性和多种保健功能，对芪类成分的研究是当今人们在植物抗病性和植物保健品开发中十分关注的课题。白藜芦醇和其它芪类化合物的生物合成属于次生代谢，是通过苯丙氨酸代谢途径合成的。其中最关键的调节酶是芪合酶。 白藜芦醇仅存在于葡萄、花生等少数植物体内。一般植物体内虽然含有芪合酶的底物，但没有芪合酶基因而不能合成白藜芦醇。应用芪合酶基因转化植物从而提高植物抗病性和品质越来越受到重视。 虎杖为蓼科多年生草本植物，是到目前为止人们发现的自然界中含白藜芦醇最高的植物；羊蹄甲是豆科绿化树种，果荚中亦含有白藜芦醇。 甜瓜为葫芦科一年生蔓性草本植物，其果实营养丰富、风味独特、香甜可口，深受人们喜爱，被列入世界十大水果之一。我国是甜瓜第一生产大国，约占世界总面积和总产量的一半。目前我国甜瓜主要分为薄皮甜瓜和厚皮甜瓜两大系列。 从1983年世界上第一例转基因植物问世以来，转基因技术迅速发展，为培育出高产、优质、抗病虫、抗逆境的优良品种开辟了新途径，并已取得重大突破，产生了巨大的社会和经济效益。但该技术在瓜类作物中的应用研究起步较晚，加之甜瓜存在组培再生成苗率低和遗传转化体系的建立较难等问题，因而转基因研究较为落后。 本论文主要试验结果和结论如下： 1．测定了若干果树的果实及药用植物中白藜芦醇的含量 本研究对十几种果树的果实进行检测，结果发现在桑椹、菠萝、蒲桃、葡萄、假槟榔等的果实中含有白黎芦醇。其含量的高低趋势是：桑椹＞菠萝＞蒲桃＞葡萄＞假槟榔。因此，从食用果实角度利用白黎芦醇的保健作用来看，桑椹、菠萝和蒲桃比葡萄价值更高，将有较好的开发应用前景。 虎杖作为一种中药材，其药用部分为多年生根，因此对虎杖药用成分及价值的研究几乎都集中在根上，本试验测得虎杖叶片中的白藜芦醇含量甚高，为764.74μg/g，叶片产量大，又可重复采收，从环境资源的保护和可持续利用方面看，开发利用虎杖叶片中的白黎芦醇具有很好的前景。 2．采用染色体步移等技术克隆了虎杖芪合酶基因 本试验得到1567bp长的芪合酶基因片段，利用DNAMAN分析软件，将更多还原

【Abstract】 Resveratrol belongs to stilbene in structure, and is one of the most important activity components in stilbene. In early day people did not easily found the trees rotted while containing stilbene, hence resveratrol was called as a"plant fungicide". The trial of modern medical mechanism showed that resveratrol had extensively physiological activity and multiple functions in health care. Research of stilbene is the subject in the plant disease tolerance and the development of plant health care medicine which people pay more attention to. The synthesis of resveratrol and other stilbene compounds are sub-metabolism, via phenylalanine pathway. The stilbene synthase(STS) is the key regulation enzyme.Resveratrol are just in the grapes and peanuts only. Resveratrol synthesis can not be performed without stilbene synthase gene. More and more people pay attention to the transgenic plants of stilbene synthase to improve plant disease tolerance and quality.Polygonum cuspidatum, the highest resveratrol content plant discovered in the nature at present, is the perennial herbaceous plant of polygonaceae. Bauhinia variegata, resveratrol in its fruit legumes, is the greening trees of Leguminosae.Melon is annual herbaceous rambler of Cucurbitaceae, which has aboundantly nutritious fruit, special flavour, and suitable fragrance and sweet hence liked by people and listed in the one of the biggest yield fruits in the world. China, half total area and yield of melon in the world, is the biggest country in producing melon, melon includes two series of the thin-skinned and thick-skinned at present.From the first transgenic plant appeared in 1983, the transgenic technology developed rapidly in exploiting new pathway of producing excellence species of high yield, high quality, pest and disease tolerance, and adversity tolerance. Great success has been done in the transgenic plants, as well as bulky benefit in society and economy. The research in transgenic melons is backwards since the technology is late performed in melons, the tissue culture is difficult in regeneration, and optimization in genetic transformation systems.This paper describes the results and discussion as follows:1. Determine resveratrol content in the several kinds of tree fruits and pharmic plants.By determining over 10 kinds of tree fruits, the results showed resveratrol in the fruits of Morus alba, Ananas cornosus, Syzygium jambos, Vitis vinifera and Archontophoenix alexandrae. The order of content is Morus alba > Ananas cornosus > Syzygium jambos > Vitis vinifera > Archontophoenix alexandrae. From更多还原