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主族金属硫属化合物的溶剂热合成、结构及性能
Solvothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Properties of Main Group Chalcogenidometalates
【作者】 贾定先;
【导师】 戴洁;
【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 , 物理化学, 2005, 博士
【摘要】 由于在光电导体、光致发光、非线性光学等方面广阔的应用前景,主族金属硫属化合物的研究受到人们的重视。有机溶剂热反应是合成金属硫属化合物的重要方法,研究溶剂热反应条件及对硫属化合物结构的影响对硫属化合物的合成具有重要指导意义。过渡金属和稀土金属的引入,不仅使主族金属硫属化合物结构发生变化,而且赋予硫属化合物新的化学性质。特别是稀土金属的引入,将突破高温固相反应合成多元稀土硫属化合物的传统方法,实现由软化学法合成稀土多元金属硫属化合物的新途径,具有重要的理论和实际意义。 本文研究了由14和15族金属与硫属元素组成的溶剂热反应体系。用溶剂热方法,以有机胺或金属配离子为结构导向剂,合成了一系列含锗、锡、砷和锑的金属硫属化合物,对乙二胺体系进行了系统的研究。我们特别研究了含镧系元素的Ln2O3/As/Se和Ln2O3/Sb/S(Ln=lanthanide)溶剂热反应体系,首次用溶剂热方法合成了含镧系金属的砷硒和锑硫化合物,开辟了溶剂热软化学条件下合成稀土硫属化合物的新方法,扩展了溶剂热合成的应用范围。用元素分析、红外光谱、拉曼光谱和单晶X射线衍射对合成的金属硫属化合物进行了表征,测定了化合物热稳定性和光学性质。 在GeO2/S/en和M2+/GeO2/S/en溶剂热反应体系中,氧化物GeO2和单质S反应分别生成含[Ge2S6]4-二聚离子化合物(Hen)4Ge2S6(1)和[M(en)3]2Ge2S6(M=Mn,2;Ni,3),与传统以GeS2为原料合成锗硫化物相比,简化了合成步骤,化合物2和3是首次合成的以[M(en)3]2+配离子为平衡阳离子的[Ge2S6]4-型锗硫化物。在季铵盐(R4N+)溶液中,Ge-S二元体系形成金刚烷式阴离子[Ge4S10]4-,在en溶液中,则形成[Ge2S6]4-二聚阴离子,季铵盐和有机胺在Ge-S二元阴离子形成过程中具有不同的结构导向作用。在化合物1-3中,阴、阳离子之间形成N-H…S氢键,N-H…S氢键作用对晶体结构产生影响。 本文在不同的有机胺溶剂中,比较系统地研究了SnCl4/S/有机胺反应体系。在en中,得到化合物(Hen)4Sn2S6(4),在en的HCl溶液中,则得到化合物(H2en)2Sn2S6·en(5),溶液pH值对en的质子化存在形式有影响。为检验不同有机二胺对溶剂热反应的影
【Abstract】 Recently extensive interest has been focused upon the Main Group chalcogenidometalates due to their promising photoconductivity, photoluminescence and nonlinear optical properties. The solvothermal reaction is becoming a versatile route to the chalcogenidometalates. Exploring influence of solvothermal conditions is important to investigation of the structure for chalcogenidometalates. The incorporation of transition metals or lanthanide metals with chalcogenidometalates will not only give rise to the change of structure, but also endues chalcogenidometalates with new properties. The solvothermal method will be a new access to the synthesis of lanthanide-contained chalcogenidometalates, which are traditionally prepared by solid-state reaction at high temperature. So, the synthesis and characterization of the lanthanide-contained chalcogenidometalates are of both theoretical and practical significance.In the thesis several synthetic systems containing Group 14 or 15 metal elements and chalcogen (S and Se) were investigated under mild solvothermal conditions. In the presence of structure-directing agent, such as organic amines or metal complex cations, a series of chalcogenidometalates including elements germanium, tin, arsenic, and antimony were synthesized by the solvothermal methodology. The synthetic system in en was systematically investigated under solvothermal conditions. In particular, we have explored the synthetic systems Ln2O3/As/Se and Ln2O3/Sb/S (Ln = lanthanide) in superheated amine, in which a number of novel selenidoarsenates and thioantimonates containing lanthanide metals were prepared. These compounds are the first examples of lanthanide-contained chalcogenidometalates synthesized by the solvothermal method. The solvothermal method is a new route to lanthanide-contained chalcogenidometalates. The chalcogenidometalates
【Key words】 Chalcogenidometalate; Main group metal; Lanthanide; Solvothermal synthesis; Crystal structure;