【作者】 曹青；

【导师】 谢克昌；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 化学工程与技术， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 化石燃料的日趋减少，造成当今世界面临能源危机问题，科学家把未来的能源寄托在再生能源如太阳能、生物质能等方面。生物质是仅次于煤炭、石油和天然气而居于世界能源消费总量第四位的能源。据估计，全球生物质产量约2200亿t／a（相当于600～800亿t吨石油的能量），远远超出目前世界化石燃料消耗的总和。仅我国农作物废弃物就相当于6亿吨标准煤，林业废弃物相当于3亿吨标准煤。大量生物质或因腐烂浪费、或在田间直接焚烧，利用率仅为3％，远远没有达到高效转化利用的目的。生物质具有可再生、二氧化碳近零排放、对环境友好等优点。如何将生物质高效转化为环境友好的替代能源，对缓减未来能源紧张形势及稳定社会政治、经济具有重要的意义。热化学转化技术是利用生物质能有效途径之一。在生物质各种热化学转化过程中，热解过程的研究是最基本的内容，通过对生物质热解过程变化规律及其影响因素的研究，为实现高效热转化利用生物质能技术提供科学依据和帮助。鉴于不同热解手段得到的气液固三相产物性质存在较大差异，为此，本文通过普通条件下常规热解与等离子条件下的非常规热解两种不同手段对影响生物质热解过程的一系列重要因素进行了研究，主要内容包括以下几个方面： （1）采用固定床反应器对生物质进行快速热解，考察了常规条件下影响生物质热解的主要因素及气、液、固三相产率的变化规律，气体产物变化情况。结果表明常规条件下热解生物质，CO、CO₂质量百分含量分别占38.9％、19.4％，其次为H₂和CH₄，它们二者之和占25.9％。热解温度段不同，热解规律不同，表现为350～400℃温度段失重速率较快，产生的气体明显增加，固体和液体迅速减少；450～600℃的温度段，液体变化趋于平缓，而固体减少趋于缓慢。载气流速的增大有利于提高热解液体和气体产率。 （2）研究了生物质在等离子体作用下热解过程的基本规律及影响气体产物分布的主要因素。结果表明，在此条件下热解生物质的气体产物主要是CO、H₂和C₂H₂，其中CO、C₂H₂和H₂相应含量依次为54.2～69.17wt％、15.6～36.4wr％和6.86～11.3wt％。原料挥发分越高，热解产生的乙炔浓度越高；相同条件下热解Datong煤热解气中乙炔的更多还原

【Abstract】 The depletion of the natural reserves of gas and oil, forecast in the first quarter of the twenty-first century, has attracted great interest to the renewable energy, which is of growing importance in satisfying environmental concerns over fossil fuel usage and its contribution to the Greenhouse Effect. Amongst the renewable alternative energy sources, biomass has a large potential for commercial usage. It was reported that about 220 billion tons biomass, which is equivalent to 60-80 billion tons oil, are being generated in the word every year. The energy from all kinds of agricultural and forest wastes may be equivalent to 0.9 billion tons standard coal in china. At present, the ratio of biomass having been utilized arrives 3%. It is great significant for the stability and sustainable development of society to find a way that can effectively make use of biomass and realize the conversion of energy, which change the situation primarily relying on the fossil fuel. In all uses of biomass it is fundamental to know the factors affecting pyrolysis. Comparative evaluation of the different pyrolysis methods and routes is therefore of interest to assesses the quality of the pyrolysis products. In this work, many important factors, which are beneficial to understand the phenomena of biomass pyrolysis, have been investigated by different aspects such as conventional and plasma pyrolysis technique, co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste tires, catalysis of vapour of biomass pyrolysis liquid. The main contents studied are as following:（l）The main factors affecting pyrolysis processes and gas, variation of liquid and solid is observed using fixed reactor under conventional fast biomass pyrolysis. The results showed that CO and CO₂ are primary gaseous products, which account for 38.9% and 19.4% respectively, then is H₂ and CH₄, which account for 25.9% in total。 At different temperature zone, the pyrolysis behavior of biomass obviously is difference, which the weight loss becomes fast, and the gas yield increases, and the solid and liquid yield sharply decrease at更多还原