我国微观经济组织的效率研究

【作者】 张晓红；

【导师】 张燕喜；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 政治经济学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 有效率的经济组织是经济增长的关键,宏观经济运行的有效性最终要依托微观经济行为主体的高效率。我国的改革是从提高微观经济组织的效率开始的。农村实行的家庭联产承包责任制极大地提高了农业生产的效率,因而解决了13亿人的吃饭问题。1984年以后以城市为重点的经济体制改革,把增强企业活力作为改革的中心环节也是基于提高企业效率的考虑。现在改革向纵深进行,改革的方法和措施虽各不相同。但提高效率的目的并没有变。本文的论题为:探讨在经济转轨这一特定背景下,我国微观经济组织的效率状况,并在此基础上提出效率改进的相关建议。为此,本文综合运用政治经济学、西方经济学和西方经济学中新兴的新制度经济学的相关理论,在马克思主义唯物辩证法方法论的指导下,具体采用比较分析、定性分析辅之以定量分析、静态分析与动态分析相结合的方法,沿着总—分—总的基本思路展开论述。在总括介绍了效率理论、界定了微观经济组织并构建了微观经济组织效率分析基本框架的基础上,分别对我国转轨阶段存在的主要微观经济组织进行个别效率分析,并分别提出了各自的效率改进方向,最后又综合分析各类组织之间的效率联动及其必要条件,并提出了促进组织之间效率良性互动的环境建设方向,以此作为一个完整的分析体系。具体内容及主要观点如下:第一章为研究准备,回顾、分析、梳理效率理论的已有成果作为研究的理论准备,界定微观经济组织并深刻认识其所依托的经济环境作为必要的背景知识准备,构建以制度为主线的、产权—人—环境三位一体的微观经济组织效率分析框架,用于对我国微观经济组织进行效率判断及解析。第二章至第五章在上述的效率分析框架下,分别对国有企业、乡镇企业、非公有制经济组织、农业微观经济组织进行个别效率判断和解析。第二章集中分析国有企业。本章指出了我国国有企业与世界各国普遍存在的国有企业相比的特殊性,认为改革使国有企业的激励约束机制得以优化,渐进地提高了国有企业适应市场的能力,但是国有资产产权权能、权责、权利不能吻合成为其现阶段主要的效率制约因素。总体上判断国有企业的效率变动以提高为主,但增长势头弱。最后提出应该针对我国国有企业的不同经营领域设定不同的效率目标,辅之以准确定位政府职能、全面搞活国有资产带动国有企业渡过改革“深水区”。第三章集中分析乡镇企业。乡镇企业是我国独有的微观经济组织形式,它的组织形态的特殊性又决定了它在国民经济体系中的特殊地位。对乡镇企业的效率分析表明,乡镇企业对不完善的“灰市场”特殊的适应性成为其效率的主要促进因素。本章所形成的另一个观点是:乡镇企业发展的趋势是乡镇企业作为一个独特微观经更多还原

【Abstract】 Efficient economic organizations are the key to economic growth, and ultimately, the efficiency of the macro economy depends on the high efficiency of micro-economic organizations. Our economic reforms began with increasing the efficiency of micro-economic organizations. The household contract responsibility system in the countryside greatly increased the productivity and efficiency of farming, and as a result feeding 1.3 billion people is no longer a serious problem. The reform of economic system which was aimed at the reform of cities after 1984, attaching great importance to increasing the vitality of enterprises, was also based on the consideration of increasing the efficiency of businesses. Now with the reforms going deeper and different strategies of reform put forward, the aim of increasing the efficiency remains the same.The dissertation mainly discusses the efficiency state of micro-economic organizations against the background of economic transformation, on the basis of which a number of suggestions are put forward to improve efficiency. Trying to achieving the above goal, the dissertation employs the theories of political economics, western economics and new institutional economics. Under the guidance of Marxist materialism dialectics, the dissertation employs such methods as comparative study, qualitative analysis together with quantitative analysis, and the combination of dynamic analysis and static analysis. The basic train of thought in the discussion followed in the dissertation is first general study, then detailed study and in the end general again. The theory of efficiency is introduced first, and micro-economic organizations are defined. Then on the basis of the construction of the framework of efficiency analysis of micro-economic organizations, the dissertation gives an individual analysis of the efficiency of the main micro-economic organizations in economic transformation, and puts forward the directions for their improvement. In the end the dissertation analyses the interaction of the efficiency of different organizations and explores the prerequisites for the interaction, in which the direction of construction of positive interaction environment is explored, to give an overall view of the problem. The details of each chapter are as follows:Chapter one deals with research preparation, in which the achievements as to efficiency theories are reviewed, analyzed and classified to form the basis of the present research, to define micro-economic organizations and to probe into the economic environment on which it depends as the background of the present research. And a framework efficiency analysis centered on system, combining property rights-person-environment together is constructed for evaluation and analysis of the更多还原