1949-1957年的中国法学教育

【作者】 董节英；

【导师】 谢春涛；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 中共党史， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪是中国社会由传统向现代转型的历史时期。在社会现代化的历史进程中,法制现代化是其重要组成部分。20世纪末,“依法治国”被中国共产党和中国政府上升为一种治国方略。法治国家的形成是一个系统工程,需要方方面面的努力。法学教育则是其中重要的一项。法治和法学教育密不可分、相互促进。从历史到现实,验证了“法治兴,则法学兴,则国兴;法治废,则法学教育废,则国废”,这是一个带有规律性的现象。在这个意义上说,中国法学教育的发展史即是中国法律命运的变迁史,是中国法治进程的见证史,同时也折射出了中国政治制度的演变。本文主要研究1949-1957年的中国法学教育。论文由绪论、正文五章、结语三部分构成。绪论。阐述了选题意义与研究现状,介绍了本文的研究内容、创新之处以及文章架构。第一章,中国近代的法学教育(1860-1949)。对中国近代法学教育产生、发展的历史进行简要梳理。介绍了清末近代法学教育的开端、民国时期法学教育的发展以及中国共产党领导下的革命根据地的政法教育。第二章,新民主主义法学教育的发展(1949-1951)。在废除《六法全书》和“改革旧教育,建设新教育”的背景下,新中国法学教育向新民主主义性质转变。这一时期的法学教育发展贯穿着“改造”与“立新”两条主线,在对旧有法学院系进行课程改革的同时着手发展新型政法教育。其建设途径全面体现了第一次全国教育会议上提出的“以老解放区新教育经验为基础,吸收旧教育有用经验,借助苏联经验,建设新民主主义教育”的思路。第三章,法学教育的整顿与重构(1952-1953)。1952-1953年,相继而来的司法改革运动和法学院系调整,完成了法学教育的整顿与重构,初步建立起社会主义政法教育体系。本章详细研究了司法改革运动发起的原因和开展的经过,以及法学院系调整的过程。这两大事件造成了法学教育规模的锐减、近代以来的法学教育成果的中断、法学教育与法律职业的分离以及法律虚无主义思想的抬头。第四章,社会主义政法教育的初步发展(1954-1956)。为适应大规模经济建设的需求,在高等教育全面学习苏联,开展教学改革的教育背景下,1954年召开了全国政法教育会议,确定了今后政法教育的方针任务。1954-1956年的法学教育以苏联法律教育经验为范本,从制订统一的教学计划、教学大纲、翻译苏联教材、设置教研室到聘请苏联专家、外派留学生等各个方面和环节进行全方位学习。学术团体和研究刊物创立,政法科学研究初步展开。“八大”的召开和“双更多还原

【Abstract】 The 20th century is an important period in a sense that Chinese society was transformed from a traditional society into a modern society, for which legality modernization is an important part. At the end of the 20th century, Administering the State by Law was promoted as a general strategy to run the state. Building a legalized state is a systematic project, which includes legal education that needs efforts from every aspect. Legality and legal education are closely related and enhance each other. From the past to present,it verifies the idea that if legality is prosperous, legal education is prosperous, and the state is prosperous;if legality is desolated,legal education is desolated, and the state is desolated. It is a cyclic phenomenon. In this sense,the development of China’s legal education is not only the evolving of China’s statute,but also the development of China’s legality. At the same time, it also reflects the evolution of the political system.The dissertation mainly studies the evolution of China’s legal education from 1949 to 1957. It is composed of a prologue, a main body which contains five chapters,and an epilogue.The prologue deals with the value of the topic by introducing the achievements and the present situation in research. The dissertation defines the legal education in the special implication of the advanced legal education. It also explains the research method, the innovation and the frame of the dissertation.The first chapter looks back at the emerging and developing course of the modern and contemporary legal education, introducing the beginning of the modern legal education at the end of Qin dynasty,the devolopment of the legal education during the period of the Republic of China and the politics and legal education in the revolutionary bases ruled by the Communist Party of China.Chapter Two dwells on the development of the new democratic legal education. It firstly introduces the changing background of legal education; secondly it recounts the development of legal education in this period. The development of legal education in the period ran along two routes which were reforming and bringing forth new ideas in the legal education, mainly reformed the curriculum of the former academy, and at the same time, set about developing new types of politics and legal education. The nature of the legal education was new democratic. The way reflected the thought which was put forward in the first nationwide education conference, and the thought更多还原