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政府管制的经济分析

Economic Analysis on Government Regulation

【作者】 刘小兵

【导师】 丛树海;

【作者基本信息】 上海财经大学 , 财政学, 2003, 博士

【摘要】 本文是一个对政府凭借行政权力作出的管制行为所进行的研究,目的在于分析和说明是否需要以及在多大程度上需要政府管制。本文的研究主要从以下几个方面展开: 首先,为了能够系统全面地回答是否需要以及在多大程度上需要政府管制这一问题,我们在第一章的导论中确立了本文的研究范围、研究方法和分析思路。 对于研究范围的确定,我们选择了从政府管制的理由和政府与市场的关系方面入手进行分析。经过对市场机制在资源配置方面的效率及其缺陷的分析,以及对政府本质的分析,我们认为,尽管存在市场缺陷,市场仍是进行资源配置的一种主要的和有效的机制;而政府的起源决定了政府的本质只是公众转让的社会权力的一种执行机构,而不是资源配置的主导力量,只是由于市场在引导社会资源的配置过程中存在这样或那样的缺陷,才存在了政府参与资源配置的可能。考虑到市场缺陷的多样性和政府参与资源配置方式的多样性(政府管制只是其中的一种),我们进而对市场缺陷的类别和政府参与资源配置的方式与手段进行了分析,并由此将政府管制的理由确定在了自然垄断、负外部性、正外部性和信息不对称等市场缺陷方面。但是,我们指出,自然垄断、负外部性、正外部性和信息不对称等市场缺陷只是为致府管制提供了可能,最终是否真正需要政府管制需要经过仔细地比较分析政府管与不管的结果方可确定。可以认为,本文的研究过程正是这样一个比较分析政府管与不管的过程。因此,本文的研究范围便很清晰地确定在了政府对自然垄断的管制、政府对负外部性的管制、政府对正外部性的管制和政府对信息不对称的管制等四个方面;政府管制的经济分析过程实际上也就是为了回答是否需要以及在多大程度上需要政府管制这一问题而对上述四个领域的政府管与不管进行比较分析的过程。 在对政府管制进行经济分析的过程中,本文主要采取了理论实证研究方法,因而论述的过程比较多的将是一种抽象的推理过程。在一些场合中我们也使用到了经验实证的研究方法,有时也涉及到了实验经济学的研究方法。 本文的分析思路简单说起来,大致上可以归纳为四个步骤:第一步分析市场缺陷的经济表现及其效率损失;第二步分析市场条件下解决市场缺陷的可能性及其约束条件:第三步分析政府管制解决市场缺陷的可能性及其约束条件;第四步比较分析两种解决市场缺陷的机制并对是否需要以及在多大程度上需要政府管制的问题作出倾向性的评价。评价的依据主要是效率标准。 其次,根据在导论中确定的研究范围、研究方法和分析思路,我们在第二章至第五章的内容中分别对自然垄断、负外部性、正外部性和信息不对称等市场缺陷的政府管制逐个展开了研究分析。 第二章是对政府对自然垄断的管制所做的经济分析。在这一章里,我们首先规范地描述了自然垄断的经济特性及其由该经济特性所决定的对管制的需求;然后主要围绕价格管制手段对政府管制自然垄断的可能性进行了详尽的分析。分析的基本结论是不存在任何一种既能保证生产效率又能避免垄断弊端的解决自然垄断问题的管制方案。由此,我们进而对政府管制自然垄断的合意性提出了质疑,并对价格歧视及其福利含义作了详尽的理论与经验实证分析。质疑和分析的结果表明,即使垄断会因自然(技术)原因而存在,我们也不一定有充

【Abstract】 The essay focuses on the government regulation that is executed by administration authority, while the main purpose is to analyze and illustrate whether there is need of government regulation or to what extent it is needed. The study is mostly spread through the following aspects:Firstly, to answer comprehensively and systematically whether government regulation is needed or to what extent it is needed, we establish the study scope, study methods and analysis manner of the essay in the chapter one.To confirm the study scope, we choose the relationship between the reason of government regulation and market as the start point. Through analyzing the failure and efficiency in resource allocation under market system, and analyzing government essence, we believe the prevailing market system is remaining as a mainly effective way to master the resource allocation, even though there is still much market failure in it. As the government is decided to be an executing organization of the public right even since its foundation, but not a dominant power to confine the resource allocation. The possibility why involve the Government in the resource allocation is due to the market failure during the process of the social resource allocation. Considering the multiform of market failure and the Government concerned resource allocation (government regulation is one of this manners), we take an analysis to the market failure and government concerned resource allocation, especially to its manners and methods, nevertheless to confine the reason for government regulation to the cause of market failure such as natural monopolization \ positive externality \ negative externality \ asymmetry in information. Then we come to decide whether to intervene by the government regulation or not. It can be acknowledged that the essay is focus on the process to the comparative analysis whether to take action or not. So the essay is directly fixed on the government regulation to natural monopolization, to positive externality, to negative externality and to asymmetry in information (four main aspects). The process to economic analysis of the Government regulation and to what degree it is needed, and then to identify the difference between active or inactive in these forward aspects.During the process of the analysis to the government regulation, the essay is mainly focus on theoretical positive analysis, so in most cases the process will be an abstractive deduction. In some of the situation we also take use of empirical positive analysis and experiment economics analysis into consideration.The essay can be categorized to these four steps in brief: First to analyze the economic

  • 【分类号】F062.6
  • 【被引频次】12
  • 【下载频次】2162
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