【作者】 闻捷；

【导师】 霍裕平；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 凝聚态物理， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文以离子束辅助遗传转化小麦后代中出现的雄性不育变异株为材料首次进行研究，主要围绕不育性质的鉴定、不育的特性研究及不育性在小麦育种上的应用途径探索3个方面开展工作。主要研究结果如下： 1、不育性质的鉴定从不育的遗传性、不育程度和不育类型鉴定三个方面来研究。结果表明：这种雄性不育变异是属于可遗传的部分不育；不育类型是显性单基因控制的小麦核不育类型。 2、不育性与农艺性状相关，田间容易区分和辨别。通过对不育株系内不育株和可育株的株高，穗数和穗长3个农艺性状的研究发现，两者的株高和穗数2个性状差异极显著，穗长差异不明显。与可育株相比，不育株的株高平均降低15.34cm，穗数平均减少2.50个。不育低株和可育高株的蛋白质含量的差异达到了极显著水平，低株的蛋白质含量高于高株的蛋白质的含量，且随着世代的增加，差距有增大的趋势。对于蛋白品质，两者均可以用回归方程来预测，但是不育低株的预测真实度要高于相应的可育高株。控制株高变异的基因属于显性矮变单基因。幼苗发芽试验表明：不育株的苗高、生长势及根部生活力都与可育株差异极显著。利用不育性与株高矮变及高蛋白性状高度相关的特征，可以在苗期较早的预测育性、蛋白品质，或者由后期的品质育性特点来推测株高，从而为下一步的工作的开展提供指导。 3、在不育性与蛋白质品质的相关关系研究过程中：首先通过对不育株连续三代的蛋白品质追踪调查，研究分析了每个世代不育株蛋白质品质表现及他们的遗传表现得出如下主要结论：不育株的蛋白品质既继承了原来转基因后代的高蛋白特点，又表现出不育性与高蛋白性状是高度相关的新的遗传特点，并且随着不育世代增加，不育株的高蛋白性状表现越来越稳定，这种遗传相关性可以运用多项式回归来预测。 4、利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)和十二烷基硫酸钠—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)的方法对不育株的醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白进行分析，从蛋白质水平上进一步验证了不育性与蛋白品质的高度相关关系。研究结果表明：从醇溶蛋白电泳图谱上可以发现：不育株在γ、ω区与可育株有较大的差异。在γ区，更多还原

【Abstract】 Using the male sterile variant offsprings of the transformation wheat, induced by ion beam implantation as materials, the type specification, characters of the infertility and its application value were studied. As for sterility characters, the relationship between sterility and protein quality or plant height was discussed individually, moreover, in order to distinguish its relationship with quality on the protein levels , the differences of the sterility and the fertility between glutenin and gliadin was discussed. To application value on wheat breeding, using sterility on the cultivating breeding directly, the results of two generations were studied. At the same time, other application tools and prospects based on sterility characters were discussed. The main results were as follows:1 As for sterility specification, its inheritance, sterility traits were discussed .The results showed that: the male sterility could be inherited and used in the fields, with a single dominance nucleus gene controlling the male sterile trait.2 Sterility was related to plant agriculture traits and sterility plants was found easily. The study on three wheat agriculture traits of plant height, spike number and spike length, between the sterility and the fertility, showed that both height and spike number was significant extremely. On the average, compared to the fertility, plant height was lower 15.34cm, spike number was less 2.50. As for protein content, the sterility plants were higher, and with the generation, the difference became more distinguished. The variance of the plant height was controlled by single dominance low gene. To the sterility plants, when germination in the lab, Seeding height was far lower, growth potential was more slowly, and roots’ activity was more inactively, than the same traits of the sterility plants. individually. These characters could be previewed whether sterile更多还原