【作者】 尹海洁；

【导师】 关士续；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 近些年来,我国的城市贫困问题日益严重。研究和解决城市贫困问题已成为构建和谐社会的最重要的任务之一。目前,我国对城市贫困问题的研究,大都从经济转型、下岗失业等方面进行宏观阐释,为完善低保制度而进行的对策性探讨较多,工具性色彩较为浓厚。而对贫困人口的生存状况及其社会场域,对我国城市贫困的社会结构性特点,尚缺乏更深入细致和准确把握。本课题以贫困人口的经济支持网作为切入点,将社会网络分析方法引入贫困研究,选择哈尔滨市和沈阳市的贫困人口作为研究总体,采用多阶段随机抽样的方法抽取了容量为443人的样本。用该样本数据对总体进行推论,置信度为95%。通过入户调查,结构性访谈的方法获取资料。本文在此基础上,从社会网络结构的角度,对城市贫困家庭的经济生活状态、经济支持网的特征和作用以及对城市贫困家庭贫困程度的影响因素等问题,进行了比较详细深入的分析和探讨。调查发现:我国城市贫困人口结构性特点是:女性远远高于男性。42.5%的人家庭不健全。39.7%的人没有劳动能力。绝大多数人的文化程度在初中或初中以下。无业、下岗和失业人员构成了贫困人口的主体。40到50岁的人口成为贫困人口的众数。在贫困人口中有三分之一是原发性贫困,三分之二是继发性贫困。贫困家庭的经济生活状况是:人均月收入仅为153.4元。51.1%的家庭都有负债。医疗与教育是最大的支出项目。耐用消费品的拥有量与全国平均水平相比有着巨大的差距,但居住面积与全国城市居民平均水平差距不大。城市贫困人口的经济支持网具有网络规模小、同质性高,主要由强关系构成的特点。聚类分析的结果说明,经济支持网具有父母子女网、兄弟姐妹网、其他亲属网、邻居网和朋友网五种关系类型。其网络成员中,兄弟姐妹占的比例最大。经济支持网起着为贫困家庭填补收支缺口、应付非常规性支出和补充生活用品不足的作用,但这种作用不足以改变他们的贫困状况。仅在他们陷入贫困过程中起到一种阻尼器的作用。通过对贫困人口父辈与子辈的经济生活状况的比较发现,在城市贫困人口中已经出现了贫困的同质性现象。贫困人口与他们的父母或子女在受教育水平上有着很强的相对同质性。在职业上也有着很强的职业阶层同质性。这更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the problem of urban poverty has become more and more serious in China. To research on this problem and help to solve it has become one of the most important tasks in China’s effort to build a harmonious society. Most of the research on urban poverty in China has been done from the macro perspective of China’s economic transformation and in the context of xiagang and unemployment, with many studies aimed instrumentally at formulating countermeasures to perfect the minimum protection system, while in-depth and more detailed research aimed at a good grasp of the actual life situation of the urban poor and the social field associated with it, and of the social structural characteristics of urban poverty in China is still quite inadequate.With the network of economic support for the urban poor as a point of departure, this study introduces the method of network analysis to the study of poverty. With the poor of Harbin and Shenyang as the population, multi-staged random sampling was used to determine a sample of 443 individuals. The confidence level of inferences about the population based on such a sample is 95%. Data were collected using a combination of survey with a questionnaire at the respondent’ home and structured interview. Based on these, this study attempts at a detailed and in-depth study of issues such as the state of the economic life of urban poor families, characteristics and functions of their economic support networks, and the extent to which these affect the degree of their poverty from the perspective of the structure of social networks.From the survey conducted for this study, it is discovered that women are greatly overrepresented among the urban poor; that 42.5% of the urban poor live in broken families; that 39.7% of them do not have capacity for work; that most of the urban poor have educational attainment of junior high school or lower; that individuals who are never-employed, off-job, and unemployed make up the bulk of the urban poor; that the 40-50 cohort is the mode in the age distribution of the urban poor; and that 1/3 of the urban poor experience primary poverty while 2/3 experience secondary poverty. In terms of the state of the economic life, these更多还原