【作者】 程雪婷；

【导师】 齐中英；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文研究的是在石油市场环境的不断变化下,石油企业如何通过自身的适应性机制调节战略和组织结构以适应变化后的市场。在已有的企业适应性理论基础上,提出管理者经验的概念,采用CAS理论的方法,结合石油市场环境的动态演化规律和石油产业的特点,研究市场环境如何通过管理者经验影响到石油企业的战略和组织结构的适应性演化。自从上世纪七十年代之后,世界石油市场环境发生了巨大的变化,由原来的相对稳定变为动荡不安,使处于其中的石油企业行为也发生了很大的变化,石油企业如何适应这种动荡的市场环境正是本文所关注的问题。以往对石油企业的适应性研究中,学者们注重的是分析在石油市场环境的变化下石油企业如何改变战略和组织结构以适应市场。认为石油企业战略和组织结构具有有限的适应性,当市场环境发生变化后战略和组织结构的演化出现断续式平衡;并且研究发现石油企业战略和组织结构并不完全是战略引导结构,而是有时会同时发生变化。本文认为当石油市场环境发生变化时,首先作用在管理者经验上,然后通过管理者经验来影响战略和组织结构。如果抛开管理者经验只研究战略和组织结构是不全面的,因此提出管理者经验的概念并将其加入到石油企业适应性机制研究之中。虽然管理者、战略和组织结构被企业适应性理论研究者普遍认可,但对管理者的研究主要集中于性格特征和个体特征方面。尽管有学者提出管理者认知的概念,将管理者认知描述成一组固定的规则系统,认为当环境改变时新的规则系统将完全取代旧的规则系统,并将旧的规则系统全部忘记,这种对认知概念的机械式解释影响了对管理者适应性的动态机制研究。霍兰的复杂适应系统(CAS)理论中“适应性主体”的概念非常符合本文对企业适应性的理解,因此本文选择了CAS理论作为研究石油企业适应性机制的理论基础。但CAS理论对主体的描述是一般性的,并非针对企业,因此本文在CAS理论基础上进一步研究了企业适应性各构成要素的适应性机制,以此为基础对石油企业适应性机制各构成要素及其关系进行了研究。石油企业的适应性演化的根本原因是石油市场环境的变化,因此本文首先研究石油市场环境的动态演化机制和特殊性。石油市场环境是非常复杂的,由相互作用的众多经济和非经济因素共同影响,使石油市场具有明显的非线性,但非线性是由随机特征引起的还是由混沌特征引起的有不同更多还原

【Abstract】 This article aims to study how oil enterprises adapt themselves to market through self-adjusting adaptability mechanism strategy and structure under the continuous movement of oil market environment. The concept of manager experience is presented based on current enterprise adaptability theory. It focuses on how market environment affects the adaptability evolution of oil enterprise strategy and structure through manager experience according to CAS theory, combining with the dynamic evolution rule of oil market environment and oil industry’s characteristics.Since 1970’s, great changes have taken place in world oil market environment. It turns to be fluctuating from a relatively stable status which caused great change of oil enterprise behavior. How the oil enterprises adapt to the fluctuating market environment is our concern. Scholars tend to analyze how the oil enterprises change strategy and structure to adapt to market in the past research on oil enterprises adaptability, considering that the oil enterprises strategy and structure is of limited adaptability, strategy and structure evolution appears to be intermittent equilibrium after market environment changes and believing that oil enterprise strategy isn’t always direct structure, whereas changing at the same time. In this paper, it is believed that manager experience firstly act when the oil market environment changes, and then affect strategy and structure. It’s unilateral to study strategy and structure without manager experience. Thus the article describe the concept of manager experience and integrate it into the research on oil enterprise adaptability mechanism. Although manager, strategy and structure are well accepted by researchers, the research on manager merely focus on personality and individual characteristics. Some scholars put forward the concept of manager cognizance that is a group of fixed rule system and believe that new rule system will replace old one and old rule system will be forgotten when the environment changes. The explanation affect the dynamic mechanism study on manager adaptability. The concept of“adaptive main body”in Holland’s complex adaptive system theory accords with the understanding of enterprise in this paper. Thus we choose CAS theory as the更多还原