【作者】 赵阳国；

【导师】 任南琪；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 高浓度硫酸盐废水的排放引起了严重的生态学问题,为此,各国对这类废水的最高排放浓度均有严格的限定,硫酸盐废水的生物处理技术便应运而生。硫酸盐还原微生物(SRP)作为硫酸盐废水处理的主体,其代谢活性和处理效能受碳源种类、碳硫比、进水碱度和抑制剂等各种生态因子的影响,表现出明显的群落动态过程。从工艺运行的稳定性和对硫化物资源化角度考虑,非常有必要对硫酸盐高效处理的影响因子以及其中的重要功能微生物进行全面深入的分析和认识。应用最新的分子生物学技术并结合对工艺运行状态的分析,分别就不同的工艺运行条件,包括对不同碳源(电子供体)的利用、降低的碱度对硫酸盐还原过程的影响,投加SRP抑制剂钼酸盐和硝酸盐对反应器运行效果的影响等进行了分析,并对相应的功能微生物类群的动态变化以及微生物结构与功能的关系进行了探讨。反应器的启动时间取决于碳源的复杂性和可利用性,通过投加SRP易于利用的碳源能够缩短启动时间。不同碳源反应器在稳定运行时群落多样性依次为:种泥>乙酸和乙醇>糖蜜>葡萄糖>乳酸反应器。而且SRP数量与硫酸盐去除率呈现明显正相关,主成分分析(PCA)对相应样品末端限制性片段(TRF)图谱分析表明,以糖蜜和葡萄糖为碳源的群落聚为一组,其它底物的群落为另一组。以乙酸-乙醇为碳源的完全氧化型硫酸盐还原反应器约经35 d的运行,硫酸盐去除率仅达到80%左右,形成以Desulfomicrobium、Desulfococcus、Aminomonas和Anaerolinea等属菌株为优势类群,乙醇去除后,SRP相对数量明显增加,Desulfomicrobium条带显著加强,产酸发酵微生物类群减少,表明乙醇的投加增加了完全氧化型硫酸盐还原反应器中微生物类群的复杂性,大量的产酸发酵微生物得以富集。以糖蜜为碳源反应器中碱度降低时,微生物群落表现出明显的动态演替过程。碱度从4 000 mg/L降低到3 000 mg/L的过程中,Dysgonomonas sp.、Sporobacter sp.、Obesumbacterium sp.和Clostridium sp.得以富集;当继续降至1500 mg/L时,Dysgonomonas sp.、Sporobacter sp.和Obesumbacterium sp.消亡,Desulfovibrio sp.和Clostridium sp.的某些菌种得以大量富集,而部分常驻菌群没有显著变化。硫酸盐还原过程需要一个最低的碱度阈值,碱度向该阈值靠近时,硫酸盐去除率和相应的功能微生物群落结构产生明显的响更多还原

【Abstract】 The drainage of high sulfate wastewater resulted in serious ecological problems. Therefore, all nations in the world have promulgated strict laws to forbid high sulfate wastewater draining. At the same time, sulfate wastewater bio-treatment technique was born. Sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) were the main part in sulfate wastewater treatment. Their metabolism and function were influenced by many ecological factors, such as carbon resources, chemical oxygen demand (COD) to sulfate ratio, influent alkalinity and SRP inhibitors etc. Take into account the stability and high efficiency of bioreactor operation and sulfur reclaim, it is essential to completely understand the ecological factors influencing the high rate sulfate removal in acidogenic bioreactor and the important functional microbial populations.Modern molecular ecological techniques combined with chemical analysis of bioreactor were selected to demonstrate the dynamics of microbial populations and the relationship between microbial community structure and function under different operating conditions.Startup duration of bioreactors depended on the complexity and availability of carbon resources. The duration would be shortened by addition of the simple carbon resources that SRP utilized easily. The complex order of microbial community at steady state of bioreactor with different carbon resources were: seed sludge, acetic acid plus ethanol, molasses, glucose, and lactic acid. The proportion of SRP was correlated with sulfate-reducing rate. Terminal restriction fragments (TRF) of different carbon resources microbial communities were grouped two distant clusters, one contained molasses and glucose, another comprised of other communities of bioreactors by principal component analysis (PCA).After 35-day of startup, the sulfate-reducing rate of completely oxidized sulfate-reducing bioreactor reached to 80% fed with acetic acid plus ethanol. Some members of Desulfomicrobium , Desulfococcus , Aminomonas , Anaerolinea were predominant. When the ethanol in influent was removed, the relative quantity of SRP increased and band density of Desulfomicrobium sp.更多还原