Ad hoc网络地址自动配置技术研究

【作者】 郑敏；

【导师】 丁炜；

【作者基本信息】 北京邮电大学 ， 通信与信息系统， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 移动Ad hoc网络(MANETs Mobile Ad hoc Networks)是由一组移动节点(MNMobile Node)构成的无线网络，移动节点可以相互通信并且可以在网络内自由移动，一条路由可能由节点间多跳无线链路构成，而无需基站的支持。每个移动节点既是通信终端同时又要充当路由器。由于它不需要先期部署的基站等基础设施的支持，不依赖于任何固定的网络设施，能够方便快捷地部署，是具有灵活的体系结构，高度动态的无线网络，可以为用户提供便捷、自由的通信服务，尤其是在应急、救灾、野外作业和军事等场合，这种通信方式的优越性将是不可替代的。 Ad hoc网络是不同于以往任何一种通信方式的卓越的通信系统，近来人们针对它展开了广泛、深入的研究，经过数年的努力，相关的关键技术已经取得了很大的进步，但由于其节点自由移动、网络临时性、无中心、节点能量有限、无线链路不稳定等特性，给其实用化带来很大的困难，仍有许多技术还有待于提高和攻克。 世界上有很多机构致力于研究MANETs，IETF也专门成立了MANET工作组，专门负责研究MANETs中关键技术的可行性和标准化工作。关于MANETs的研究涉及到了OSI分层模型中的每一个层面。目前，研究方向主要集中在无线接入技术、路由问题、组播路由问题、地址分配问题、电能管理问题、QoS问题、安全问题、传输层问题等方面。本文主要关注Ad hoc网络层地址自动分配问题，围绕节点地址自动分配技术，分别探讨了基于虚拟骨干网的地址配置技术、虚拟骨干网中叶子节点的越区切换方案、基于遗传机制的地址配置技术、网络宏观拓扑变化适应性等技术，主要内容和创新点如下： 1．简要介绍了Ad hoc网络的发展史，分析Ad hoc网络的特点、主要研究热点、应用前景、发展趋势，阐述本论文的立项依据、创新点及研究成果。 2．综述了Ad hoc网络地址自动配置技术的研究现状，介绍了现有主要技术方案，分析了它们的技术特点，并比较了它们的性能，指出现有技术的不足之处。 3．简述了Ad hoc虚拟骨干网技术，提出了基于虚拟骨干网的地址配置技术，包括基于泛洪机制的配置技术和基于预分配机制的配置技术，并给出了仿真结果。 4．研究了虚拟骨干网中叶子节点的越区切换机制，分析了虚拟骨干网中叶子节点越区切换后所面临的地址改变、路由破坏、通信保持等问题，并提出了相应更多还原

【Abstract】 Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are composed of mobile nodes (MN), which can communicates with each other and moves freely in the network. A route may be constituted by several hops of wirless links between the nodes, without any surports of infrastructure. Each MN is not only a communication terminal, but also a router in the network. Without any aid of infrastructure, an effiecent and dynamic communication system can provide convenient communication services freely, especially in emergency, disaster and military environment.Ad hoc networks are different from any other predominant communication systems in the past. The relevant key technology has made great progress through the efforts of several years. But the nodes’ mobility, the provisionality of the network, the limited power, the instability of wirless link and the characteristics such as no center make them difficult to be used in practice. There are a lot of difficult technology problem need to be improved and solved.Many organizations in the world are devoted to studying MANETs. IETF has established MANETs work group, which is responsible to research the feasibility of the key technology and the standardization work. The research about MANETs has involved every layer of the OSI model. At present, the research direction mainly focuses on the wirless access technology, routing algorithm, broadcast routing, address allocation, power management, QoS, security problem, and problems in the transport layer, etc. This dissertation takes attention to the autoconfiguration of the node address of the Ad hoc network layer. According to the autoconfiguration of node address, the dissertation separately discussed the address configuration technology based on virtual backbone, the handoff of leaf node in virtual backbone, the address configuration technology based on the genetic mechanism, and also the adaptability technology of the network macroscopical topology changes. The main content and innovation point follows:1. Briefly introduced of the history of Ad hoc networks, then analysed the characristics of Ad hoc networks, the main hot spots, application future, development trend, and also expatiated the gist, the innovation of this dissertation.2. Generally described the status quo of the address autoconfiguration technology of Ad hoc networks, and intruduced the main technic scheme, besides, the analyzing of the characteristics of this technology and the comparison of their performance were also mentioned. Then the disadvantages of the existing technology were pointed out.3. Briefly narrated the Ad hoc virtual backbone technology, brought up the address two allocation schemes based on the virtual backbone, which included the scheme based on the flooding mechanism and the predistribution mechanism, and provided the simulation results, too.4. Took researches in the handoff of leaf node in virtual backbone, and analyzed the problems of the address changes, the route destroying, and the communication maintenance, which would be faced when the leaf node’s handoff in the virtual更多还原