【作者】 诸培新；

【导师】 曲福田；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 中国自改革开放以来，伴随着人口增加、经济增长和城市化速度的加速，大量土地从农业部门转移到非农业部门。农地转变为非农建设用地一方面为国民经济的全面发展提供了土地保障，对经济增长起着重要作用。另一方面农地非农化也存在明显的负作用，造成农地资源的配置效率低下和社会福利损失。农地非农化配置必须以社会总福利最大化为目标确定其数量与速度。本研究旨在探讨农地非农化配置对社会经济福利、公平和效率的总体影响，以及在这一过程中政府(中央和地方)、农村集体和农民等的经济福利变化状况，并对他们在农地非农化过程中的行为特征做出判断。从而为农地非农化配置调控目标、评判依据、实现机制和相应的公共政策措施的制订和实施提供理论依据。 文章第1章首先简要介绍了研究的背景并提出了研究的问题——农地非农化配置的公平效率与社会福利评价，接着对国内外关于农地非农化配置研究的动态进行了回顾并作了简要评述。在此基础上对本文研究的内容、研究方法、研究技术路线以及可能的创新和不足之处进行了归纳和总结。 公平与效率是农地资源配置的理想目标。但是由于公平与效率的判断又是和人的价值观联系在一起的，各有不同理解含义。为此，本文第2章从福利经济理论和公共政策理论的视角就农地资源非农化配置的公平与效率的含义、实现机制和衡量评价标准进行了讨论。认为，衡量农地资源配置效率的主要标准是帕累托原则及其补偿原则，即只要农地非农化后的社会经济收益增加量在补偿了包含失地农民在内的福利受损者以后，净社会经济收益是正的，则农地资源配制的效率就得到了提高。实现帕累托最优的基本条件是完全竞争的市场机制。但是由于土地的稀缺性、多用途性、多价值性等特征以及土地配置过程中存在的外部性和公共物品性，使得土地的价值难以在现有的市场条件下完全显化，市场机制也难以完全发挥作用，需要政府的宏观调控。 至于资源配置的公平性，基于价值判断不同的原因，分配公平理论有以追求社会总福利最大的功利主义；有以关注社会最低层群体社会福利为主的罗尔斯主义；有以追求分配结果平等的平等主义；以及追求代际、代内公平的可持续发展的公平原则。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the reform and open up policy, with the expansion of population, growth of economy, and speedup of urbanization, great deal of farmland has been transferred from agricultural to no-agricultural industry. On the one hand the transfer has contributed a lot in providing land to ensure the full development of the national economy, on the other hand, it’s negative effects have also impacted the fair allocation of social welfare. As a result, the allocation efficiency of farmland has been decreased and social welfare had been lost. Therefore the suitable quantity and timetable of transfer should be established aiming at the maximum of total social welfare. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the full impacts of transfer on social-economic welfare, equality, efficiency, and also the change of economic welfare on governments (local and central), village and farm levels. Meanwhile, the author analyzed characteristic of behaviors of these stakeholders during the transferring course. All of these can provide theoretical basis for establishment of controlling aim, evaluating basis, the realizing mechanism and the implement of public polices in farmland conversion.Chapter 1 introduced the background of this research and put forward the research issued —appraisal and optimized allocation of land transfer from agricultural to non-agricultural use, and then reviewed the existing research outcomes at abroad and home. At the end of this chapter the content, the methodology, researching route, creativity and possible deficiency have been summarized.Equity and efficiency are ideal aim of farmland resource allocation. However equity and efficiency can be understood in different ways as relative to people’s value judgment. Hence Chapter 2 discussed the meaning of equity and efficiency in the course of farmland transfer, realizing mechanism and criterion. The Pareto Principle and its compensation principle are regarded as the effective criterion to measure allocation efficiency. The basic prerequisite for Pareto Principle is completed marketing system. However because of features of land, such as scarcity, multi-use, multi-value and externality, public goods, which bring error price information in current market system.Equity of resource allocation can be judged upon different viewpoints, including Utilitarianism, Rawlsism, Equalitarianism, and sustained development principle. According更多还原