【作者】 林壁润；

【导师】 姚汝华；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 发酵工程， 2000， 博士

【摘要】 农用抗生素具有选择性较强、高效低毒的特点，使用抗生素代替化学农药防治植物病害是今后的发展方向之一。目前报导的防治植物病害的抗生素种类虽多，但是能在生产上大面积推广应用的种类却较少，究其原因，一方面是因为很多农业研究单位只具有分离筛选抗生素的条件，而没有发酵工艺、分离纯化、结构鉴定、菌种纯化等下游研究的人才和条件；另一方面初筛有效的菌株可能不具有工业生产的条件；还有一个原因可能是由于以往对粮食作物比较重视，因此，较成功的例子基本上局限于应用在水稻上，对蔬菜和果树等经济价值较高的作物，目前尚缺乏防治病害的高效、低毒的农用抗生素。另外我国目前应用推广较多的农用抗生素，绝大多数属于国外公司产品的仿制品，所以有必要开发和研制目前生产和市场上急需的，拥有知识产权的农抗新产品。 本研究首先是进行有效菌株分离筛选工作，首次从世界各地采集的土样中分离筛选菌株，抗生素生产菌株2507可以防治植物卵菌病害。对农抗2507的发酵生产技术进行研究，取得的主要结果是：(1)系统地研究其产生菌的种子培养基和液体深层发酵培养基。(2)研究其产生菌发酵培养的生长和生产所需要的碳源和氮源，确定适合其产生菌生产和生长的碳源为大米粉和糊精，启动生长时可少量加入葡萄糖；氮源为玉米浆和花生饼粉，在种子培养基中可加入牛肉膏。(3)研究不同接种方法其产生菌的发酵周期，以孢子接种的发酵周期约88小时，以菌丝体接种的为66小时。(4)适合发酵菌体生长的温度为32～33℃，而适合生产的发酵温度为33～34℃。(5)将30L发酵罐的发酵工艺扩大到500L的发酵罐中进行工业中试，发酵20批次。为进一步的工业化生产打下基础。 对农抗2507的测定方法进行系统研究，系统地比较了指示菌抑菌圈测定法(管蝶法)、分光光度测定法、靶标病原菌菌丝平皿生长抑制率测定法和温室人工接种防治效果测定法。 农抗2507是一个耐酸碱、耐储存、耐60℃以下的温度处理的抗生素，其稳定更多还原

【Abstract】 The agricultural antibiotics had the characteristics of high effect and low toxic to plants, human and environment Use the antibiotic to substitute or partially substitute the chemical pesticide to control the plant diseases should be the expanding direction. Although there were many reports about new kinds of antibiotics for controlling plant diseases, few of them could be used in the agricultural production. Because many agricultural academy or institute especially in China only had the capitulation of screening and evaluation antibiotics, but had no capitulation for studying on their ferment technique, purification and identification of antibiotic and the improvement of the species. Another reason was most of the new antibiotics had good effect in vivo but were unstable in the agricultural condition and had not capitulation for industrial production. The last reason was that there were a few of successful agricultural antibiotic basely only used in the rice production because people paid more attention to rice production before. So there are still very few agricultural antibiotics could be used to control the pests of vegetable and fruit Otherwise, most of the successful agricultural antibiotics in China were the copier of the product of other countries. So it is important for us to develop the new agricultural antibiotic product which we could have our own property right to satisfy the need of agricultural production and market of China.The effective isolate 2507 (Streptomyces spp) producing antibiotic controlling oomycetes was first isolated from the soil samples. The ferment technique of isolate 2507 was studied and the following data was obtained (1) The seed and deep fluid ferment medium of the isolate was system studied. (2) The needful carbon and nitrogen source for the isolate 2507 growing and producing was systems analysis. The adaptive carbon source was rice powder and nitrogen source was mealier starch and peanut cake powder. (3) The ferment period of isolate 2507Were 88 hours with inoculation of spore and about 66 with inoculation of mycelium? (4)The adaptive temperature for mycelia growing was 32-33℃ and for production antibiotic was 33-34℃ in the fermentor. (5) The ferment technique of 30L fermentor had更多还原