【作者】 陈茂庆；

【导师】 费春放；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 英语言文学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 汤显祖和莎士比亚堪称世界戏剧的两座高峰，在十六世纪晚期和十七世纪初同时出现在东半球的中国和西半球的英国。这实在是世界戏剧史上的一大奇迹。半个多世纪以来，许多学者从不同角度对这两位戏剧大师进行了比较研究。他们的戏剧作品如同“一座蕴藏着开采不尽的黄金和钻石的宝藏”，值得不断的挖掘和探索。本文采用平行研究和跨文明研究的方法，从梦的角度试图对汤显祖和莎士比亚及其戏剧作品进行较全面的比较研究：首先探讨两位大师的生平和社会背景，然后从“善情”、“恶情”、宗教和戏剧结构等四个方面论述梦在汤剧和莎剧中的作用。 汤显祖(1550-1616)生活在明朝晚期，身历嘉靖、隆庆和万历三朝；莎士比亚(1564-1616)历经伊丽莎白时期和詹姆斯一世时期。他们所处的时代在政治、经济、思想和文化方面都经历着巨大的变革，人文主义的崛起对传统势力形成了挑战。在晚明时期的中国，王阳明的“心学”主张，把人们的思想从程朱理学中解放出来，引发了追求自由的个人主义和博爱主义思潮。莎士比亚时代的英国在欧洲文艺复兴的洗礼下，重新审视和评价中世纪的传统，逐渐确立了以人为中心的价值观念。汤显祖和莎士比亚作为伟大的梦者，在各自的国度试图实现自己的梦想。他们走过迥然不同的人生之路，却都成了不朽的戏剧家。 在同时代人的心目中，汤显祖首先是一个政治家，试图在政治舞台上实现自己的政治理想。他刚正不阿，与日益腐败的社会格格不入，最后退出官场，回到家乡江西临川，专心从事诗文戏剧创作。而莎士比亚主要是一位戏剧家，在伦敦的戏剧舞台上实现自己的艺术之梦。与汤显祖的政治活动相比，莎士比亚几乎与政治无涉。汤显祖满怀“治国平天下”的踌躇之志，梦碎之后在诗文和戏曲中宣泄愤懑；相比之下，莎士比亚英国的舞台上却左右逢源，名利双收。尽管境遇不同，两位天才仍有不少共同之处。 首先，他们的戏剧作品都穿越时空，为一代又一代的人所欣赏。同时代的评论家已感受到了他们作品的不朽魅力。吕天成在《曲品》中称汤显祖“懒作一代之词匠，竟成千秋之诗豪”。本·琼森认为莎士比亚“不属于一个时代，而属于更多还原

【Abstract】 It is a literary miracle that Tang Xianzu and William Shakespeare, peaks of the world drama, emerged in China and England simultaneously in the late sixteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth century. In the past six decades, the two dramatists and their works have been compared and contrasted by numerous scholars. Like "a mine which contains gold and diamonds in unexhaustible plenty", they are always worth further investigating and exploring. In light of the methodology of parallel studies and cross-civilization studies, this dissertation conducts a comparative study of the role of dream in Tang Xianzu and William Shakespeare’s plays: contrasting the two masters’ life experience and their social contexts, and expounding the relationship of dream to the good qing, the bad qing, religion and dramatic structure in their works.As contemporary dreamers, Tang Xianzu lived in China of the late Ming dynasty and Shakespeare in England in the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. In terms of thought, Tang Xianzu’s China and Shakespeare’s England witnessed the emergence of individualism and humanism. The lives of the two masters were quite different: Tang Xianzu made an attempt to actualize his political dream in the officialdom but ended up frustrated. Shakespeare, creating plays and dramatizing his dreams on the stage in London, enjoyed a great success in his theatrical world. Comparatively, Tang Xianzu was not compatible with his social context, creating his plays as an outlet for his despair and indignation. But Shakespeare was in tune with the times, writing dramas as his profession. Tang Xianzu, in the eye of his contemporaries, was, above all, a political figure, while Shakespeare was primarily a playwright. Yet, they are both immortalized as dramatists.Qing, or love, is the foundation for dream. The love between a young man and a young woman, which is expressed through dream, is a dominant motif in Tang Xianzu’s The Purple Hairpin and The Peony Pavilion, and Shakespeare’s A更多还原