【作者】 陈斌林；

【导师】 陈吉余；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 连云港位于我国沿海中部，是新亚欧大陆桥的东桥头堡。近20年来，随着经济发展的加快，连云港的港口建设、临海工业、沿海旅游、近海养殖等海洋开发活动获得了前所未有的发展，也给连云港近岸海域的环境带来了变化。 目前，对连云港近岸海域开发活动造成的生态环境影响缺乏系统、全面的研究，单个工程的环境影响评价难以系统、全面地分析开发活动对海洋生态环境的影响。为此，本研究于2005年10月对连云港近岸海域进行了一次综合性生态环境调查，从海水化学、沉积物、海洋生物等方面对海洋生态压力、生态效应等有关指标进行了监测，结合历史调查资料，重点研究了人类开发活动对碱厂海域、港口海域和核电站海域造成的累积环境影响，取得了如下研究成果： （1）连云港近岸海域开发活动，局部地改变了海域属性，导致潮流场的变化，使连云港近岸海域的水动力条件发生变化，对水质产生了一定的影响。研究表明，核电站海域总体水质较好，港口海域总体水质最差，三个海域水质总体上均处于轻污染水平，其中港口海域和核电站海域首要污染物为活性磷酸盐，其次为石油类、无机氮；碱厂海域首要污染物为无机氮，其次为活性磷酸盐、COD_Mn；各海域重金属污染总体上处于较低水平。 （2）研究发现连云港近岸海域为南部废黄河的水下现代堆积浅滩，以粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土为主，物源相对单一。远岸海域为典型的残留砂，中间为现代沉积与残留沉积的过渡带，物源开始多样化，粒径也变粗。拦海西大堤工程使南北贯通的海峡变成了半封闭的人工海湾，潮流和水动力条件发生了变化，相应地表现在沉积物的粒度分布上，进而导致底质环境的变化。此外，两个倾废区的港口疏浚物在波浪和潮流的作用下也改变了本区的底质粒径分布。 （3）研究发现连云港近岸海域的沉积速率从南往北逐渐减小，造成这种现象的一个原因是自然环境条件的时间和空间变化的结果，另一个是人类活动对自然环境干扰的结果。研究拦海西大堤内侧的柱状样，结果表明在西大堤工程前沉积环境很稳定。而工程后，由于改变了水动力条件和泥沙的运移路径，沉积环境极不稳定，导致大量的泥沙快速淤积。 （4）研究发现三个海域表层沉积物中碱厂海域沉积物质量最差，各海区中首更多还原

【Abstract】 Lianyungang that lies in the middle of our country’s seacoast is the east point of New Euro-Asia continental land bridge. During the recent two decades, with economic developing, Lianyungang offshore area has achieved much more than before in port construction, offshore industry, coastal touring and coastal breeding. But as the same time the coastal environment is also deteriorated.At present time, the systematic and comprehensive research on the influence of eco-environment is short of due to the exploiture. And the single project environmental impact assessment is not enough for marine eco-environment impact. Therefore, a synthesis investigation on chemical elements of seawater, sediments and biology is carried out on October, 2005, and indices of ocean ecological effects have been observed, comparing with the historical investigation, the accumulative impact is researched in the three sea areas which separated by alkali factory, West Waterbreak and nuclear power plant. Several achievements have been made as follows:（1） The exploitation of the offshore areas in Lianyungang has partly changed the properties and tidal current field of offshore areas, which reduce the exchange capability and the physical self-purification capacity of the water, thus influencing the water quality of this area. The study shows that the water quality around the power plant is the best, while the water around the port is the worst, the three areas are whole lightly polluted; The chief pollutant of the harbor and nuclear power plant offshore area is active phosphate, followed by oil and inorganic nitrogen, the chief pollutant of the alkali factory offshore area is inorganic nitrogen, next is active phosphate and COD_Mn, heavy metal pollution in each area is relatively slight.（2） The research indicates that Lianyungang area is the modern underwater shoal, engendering by discard yellow river, sentiment granularity is relatively fine, and mainly consists of silt clay, substance source is relatively single. The far-forth shore area was typical of main residual sand, with transition zone of modern sediments and residual sediments in the middle, the substance source begin to be various, and the particle size became coarse. West Waterbreak blocking the sea has changed the former run-through channel into semi-closed manual gulf, current and dynamic conditions are changed, and presented in the grains size distribution of sediments, which leads to change of quality of bottom. Meanwhile, the two mud throwing zone in the port areas are influenced by wave and current, thus changing the grain size distribution of quality of bottom.（3） Judging from the research, the sediment rate in Lianyungang area was gradually decreased from south to north, which is the main result of natural environment changed both in time and space, another is the result of human activity to natural environment. The research concludes that the sediment environment before West Waterbreak is fairly constant. While it was not constant after the engineering out更多还原