【作者】 倪兵；

【导师】 顾福康；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 动物细胞的超微结构在动物进化和系统发生过程中更为稳定，具有较大的保守性。因此，纤毛虫亚显微水平结构的多样性和相似性已成为当前纤毛虫系统学分析的重要参数，并成为现代纤毛虫形态研究的主要内容之一。与其他单细胞动物不同，腹毛目纤毛虫的结构模式是原生动物中最为复杂的，搞清楚细胞的皮层结构及模式、细胞质、细胞器以及核器等超微结构，揭示其内在关系，对于进一步揭示真核生物细胞结构的遗传变异、核质关系、细胞图式的建立、疑难类群的甄别以及了解其在系统发生过程中的演化地位都具有重要的生物学意义。为了进一步阐明不同类群腹毛目纤毛虫细胞超微结构的复杂性，探索纤毛虫细胞的进化关系，本文应用扫描电镜、透射电镜技术以及生化去膜鞣酸染色电镜技术，以腹毛目三个不同亚目纤毛虫红色伪角毛虫(Pseudokeronopsis rubra)、大尾柱虫(Urostyla Grandis)、弯棘尾虫(Stylonychia curvata)、华美游仆虫(Euplotes elegans)为材料，在亚显微水平上比较观察了不同类群纤毛虫皮层、细胞质及其各种胞器的超微结构形态特征；运用DGD包埋—去包埋剂电镜超薄切片技术纤毛虫细胞进行选择性生化抽提，结合电镜观察，并且应用SDS-PAGE技术对所抽提的类中间纤维—核纤层—核骨架体系进行蛋白组成分析，所得结果论述如下：更多还原

【Abstract】 During evolution and cladistics the ultrastructures of animal cells seems to be more stable and conservative. The structural polymorphism and similarity of ciliates at ultrastructural level has become important information for the phylogenetic analysis of ciliates and a main area of study on ciliates morphology. The structural model of hypotrichous ciliates is the most complicated one among unicellular protozoans. To reveal the cortical structure and its model, the ultrastructures of cytoplasm, other organelles including nuclei of ciliates, and the relations among these structures is of important biological significance for the further elucidation of the heredity and variation, the relationship between neucleus and cytoplasm, the establishment of the pattern of ciliate cell and the identification of knotty groups of ciliates.The aim of the present study is to further elucidate the complicity of cellular ultrastructures of different groups of hypotrichous ciliates and the evolutionary relationships of different groups of cliliates. For this purpose, the cortical ultrastructures , the morphologic chararacteristics of the structures of the cytoplasm and organelles of different groups of hypotrichous ciliates including Pseudokeronopsis rubra, Urostyla grandis, Stylonychia curvata and Euplotes elegans were demonstrated and compared with each other at ultrastructural level by using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, biochemical de-membrane and tannic acid staining electon microscopy. In addition, the ultrastructures of intermediate filament-lamina-nuclear matrix(IF-LA-NM) system were observed using biochemical de-membrame and diethylene glycol distearate (DGD) embedment and embedment-free electron microscopy and the protein composition更多还原