【作者】 周德红；

【导师】 郑为完；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 食品科学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本研究以豆渣为主要原料，采用食品高新技术主要是酶水解技术和微胶囊技术对大豆豆渣进行蛋白酶水解和纤维素酶水解，研究豆渣可溶性酶解产物和麦芽糊精复配作为微胶囊化粉末油脂壁材的可行性，利用喷雾干燥对油脂进行微胶囊化，并对豆渣酶解物和粉末油脂产品的品质进行分析，主要研究结果如下： 分别用粗纤维测定法、中性洗涤纤维测定法、酸性洗涤纤维测定法以及改良的Southgate法测定了大豆豆渣中膳食纤维含量，结果表明不同测定方法之间存在较大差异，测定结果从大到小依次为：改良的Southgate法＞中性洗涤纤维测定法＞酸性洗涤纤维测定法＞粗纤维测定法。首次用改良的Southgate法测定豆渣中膳食纤维的含量，特别是测定出了干豆渣中水溶性非消化多糖(即水溶性膳食纤维)含量为2.18％，水不溶性非消化多糖为38.23％，纤维素为27.44％，木质素为2.89％。改良的Southgate法能确定膳食纤维的种类并测定各自的含量，方法的重现性很好，测定结果精确，为后续的酶解提供了理论依据。 研究了蛋白酶水解豆渣的最佳条件。复合蛋白酶(0.1％)和风味蛋白酶(0.1％)组成复合酶，研究pH、反应时间、底物浓度对蛋白提取率的影响，通过正交试验确定最佳水解条件为：pH6.0，水解时间3h，反应温度55℃，底物浓度1：12，在此条件下水解，蛋白提取率为71.92％，水解度为8.95％，一般的蛋白酶水解过程中会产生苦味肽而风味蛋白酶水解蛋白则不会有苦味肽产生。 研究用复合纤维素酶Viscozyme和纤维素酶Celluclast水解豆渣制备可溶性酶解物的最佳条件。确定了Viscozyme和Celluclast的最佳配比为2：1，总加酶量0.5％，研究pH、反应时间、底物浓度对可溶性酶解物提取率的影响，通过正交试验得出豆渣纤维素酶水解的最佳条件为：pH4.5，反应时间22h，温度40℃，底物浓度为1：12，在此条件下，豆渣纤维素可溶性水解产物的提取率为40.20％。 测定了豆渣酶解过程中豆渣原料、淀粉酶解物、蛋白酶解物、纤维素酶解物及最后所得残渣中的总氮、游离氨基酸含量，蛋白酶解物中蛋白含量占总蛋白的71.92％，产物绝大多数以多肽或寡肽形式存在。对豆渣及其水解产物进行的17种氨基酸测定表明豆渣酶解物中氨基酸的组成与豆渣接近。 采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了豆渣及其酶解物中微量金属元素钙、更多还原

【Abstract】 Using soybean residues as raw materials and applying modern high-tech food engineering technology, mainly enzymatic hydrolysis technology and microencap-sulation technology, the feasibility of microencapsulation of different oils used as a model into a mixture of maltodextrin and soluble enzymatic hydrolysates of soybean residues was investigated in this paper. Also, the process of enzymatic hydrolysis with protease and cellulose, the process of encapsulation with the hydrolysis products by spray drying and the properties of hydrolysates of soybean residues and microcapsule products were investigated. The main results were as follows:Dietary fiber in soybean residue was analyzed by four methods, such as crude fiber method, neutral detergent fiber method (NDF), acid detergent fiber method (ADF) and improved Southgate method. The results showed significant differences among these methods. The sequence of total fiber content from high to low was as follows: improved Southgate method> neutral detergent fiber method> acid detergent fiber method> crude fiber method. The soluble non-digestive polysaccharide (2.18%), insoluble non-digestive polysaccharide (38.23%), cellulose (27.44%), and lignin (2.89%) were determined by the improved Southgate method. The improved Southgate method performed good precision and accuracy and offered theoretical basis for later enzymatic hydrolysis procedure of soybean residues.Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean residues by Protamex and Flavourzyme was studied. When Protamex and Flavourzyme concentration were both 0.1 %( enzyme-substrate ratio), study the effects of pH, reaction time, temperature and substrate concentration on the rate of protein extraction. The optimum hydrolysis conditions were determined by orthogonal design experiment with the following更多还原