【作者】 薛文礼；

【导师】 常存库；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江中医药大学 ， 中医医史文献， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 中国传统药业是一个历史范畴,是在中华民族传统文化的模塑下诞生的极具中国特色的实用行业。 原始社会是发现、认识药物的漫长过程的开始,还不可能出现药物商品及其交换。奴隶社会的药业经历了从愚昧、迷信状态中脱胎出来的历史过程。 进入封建社会,中国传统药业开始了长足进步。战国时期医学理论体系处于刚刚形成之际,用药经验不足,使用品种不多,药业处于萌芽时期。汉代,由于用药范围的扩大和对配伍组方规律的深刻把握,中国药业走向第一个高峰。三国两晋南北朝时期,药品来源丰富,交流区域扩大,中药三大品类开始形成。隋唐时期,临证医学迅速进步,国家药典正式颁布,中外交流日益拓展,中国传统药业登上了历史发展第二个巅峰。赵宋王朝时代医药工商体系全面建立,在官营与民营的相互竞争中,传统药业经济发展到第三个高峰。明清时代人口和医药人员猛增,中国药业品牌树立,传统药业攀上了第四个高峰。 中国传统药业的历史发展呈现出鲜明的民族性,而且多是数量积累,而不是层级提高。从经济形态上看,中国传统药业是农业经济形态,主要是对自然药物的自然而然的应用。从科技形态上看,中国传统药业是经验技术形态,鲜有科学方面的发现和发明。从学术形态上看,中国传统药业是人文学术形态,这是传统学术形态遮蔽其上的结果。 中国传统药业的独特性是传统文化模塑的结果,表现为强烈的伦理性、实用性和功利性。中国传统文化对传统药业具有限制和保护的双重作用。 现代中药产业必须以科技重塑传统药业内涵,突破资源、用药方式和生产技术的限制,实现中药产业的标准化、规模化;同时,又必须兼顾中医与中药平衡发展的战略导向,坚持科技与市场互动战略。 这是传统药业在面向未来发展时的必然选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese traditional medicine trade is a historical category and native characteristic practical trade which born under Chinese traditional culture’s molding.Primitive society is a beginning of long process for discovering and understanding Chinese medicine without the Chinese medicine commodity of finding and exchanging. Slave society’s medicine trade experiences a historical course of foolish and superstitious state.Coming into feudalism society, Chinese traditional medicine trade has full-grown advancement. In the time of the Warring States, the system of medical theory barely is in a preliminary position. Chinese traditional medicine trade is also in a budding date. In Han Dynasties, Chinese traditional medicine trade makes for the first pinnacle because of enlargement of Chinese medicine scopes and grasp of compound rules. From the Three Kingdoms, the Western and Eastern Jin Dynasties to Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chinese medicine in the three main fields is beginning to take shape with the fertility of Chinese medicine sources and extending of alternating areas. In Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chinese traditional medicine trade scale the second heights of historical reference with rapid advances of clinical medicines and normal inaction of state-promulgated pharmacopoeia and growing of medical exchange between Chinese and other countries. In Song Dynasties, economic development of Chinese traditional medicine trade run to its third highest peak with complete foundation of medicine industrial and commercial system and competition of running by the government and the local people. Chinese traditionalmedicine trade scale the fourth heights with increase of population and curatorial personnel and erection of Chinese traditional medicine trademark in Ming and Qing Dynasties.Historical reference of Chinese traditional medicine trade presents vivid nationality. On the way, Chinese traditional medicine trade is an agricultural economic pattern which is a spontaneous using of natural medicines. On the other hand, Chinese traditional medicine trade is a human scholarly pattern which is a result of Chinese traditional learning.The individuality of Chinese traditional medicine trade is a result of traditional culture molding. It appears as strong ethical standard, practicability and utilitarian consideration. Chinese traditional culture has dual effects in two rages of confinement and custody on Chinese traditional medicine trade.Modern Chinese medicine industry should remold connotation of Chinese traditional medicine trade with science and technology, break through the shackles of resource, ways of administer and production technology, realize Chinese medicine industry standardization and scale. At the same time, it must persist in the important guide that traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine are indiscerptible, otherwise, it will be Chinese traditional culture’s partly withering away.This is a hard choice of Chinese traditional medicine trade facing to intending development.更多还原