卢卡奇晚年三大理论创新

【作者】 袁一达；

【导师】 王东；

【作者基本信息】 北京大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪中后期,传统计划经济的苏联僵化模式在苏联和东欧各国已成为束缚生产力发展的桎梏,改革的任务提到历史的日程上来,但“左”的教条主义的僵化观念还严重束缚着人们的头脑。正是在这样的历史背景之下,卢卡奇在晚年根据时代的特点,写下了《关于社会存在的本体论》和《民主化的进程》两部著作,在马克思主义革新、社会存在本体论和社会主义民主政治改革三个方面提出了三大理论创新思想。在马克思主义革新方面,阐述了在新形势下复兴马克思主义方法、发展马克思主义的必要性,提出了革新马克思主义的具体途径。在社会存在本体论方面,他对早年《历史与阶级意识》中的失误作了重要反思与修正,全面探讨了人类社会产生和发展的机制,对当今资本主义世界作了详尽的分析,系统论述了人类社会由低级到高级的发展过程及其终极目标。在社会主义民主化方面,他继列宁之后集中研究社会主义民主,总结了国际共产主义运动的经验和教训,针对传统计划经济的苏联僵化模式政治方面的弊端,指出了社会主义民主化的迫切性、内容以及具体实现的步骤和目标。卢卡奇的三大理论创新具有重大的理论和实践意义,深入分析其理论上的历史贡献和历史局限,将有助于我们正确地理解马克思主义的本质,创造性地发展马克思主义;有助于我们在新形势下发挥唯物史观,推行社会主义改革;有助于我们重视和加强社会主义民主化建设,巩固和完善社会主义制度。论文分六个部分。首先“导论”对卢卡奇晚年思想的研究现状和意义进行了考察,之后第一章叙述了卢卡奇晚年思想的背景,接下来的三章分别阐述了卢卡奇晚年的三大理论,最后,“结论”对卢卡奇晚年思想的理论创新和现实意义给予了评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 1950-60s, the rigid model of traditional plan economic of the Soviet Union had become a trammel for the Soviet and all countries of Eastern Europe, reform became a pressing historical task, but the rigid dogmatist idea severely fettered the heads of people. Under such circumstance, the late Georg Lukács wrote two books, Ontology of Social Existence(Zur Ontologie des gesellschaftlichen Seins) and The Process of Democratization(Demokratizierung Heute und Morgen), putted forward three innovative theories according to the new features of times. They are about the renaissance of Marxism, the ontology of social being and the reform of democratic politics of socialism. On the renaissance of Marxism, he formulates the methods of the renaissance of Marxism, the necessaries of developing Marxism and proposes the concrete ways of renewing Marxism. On the ontology of social being, after History and Class Consciousness, he completely proves the system of the birth and development of human society, exhaustively analyses contemporary capitalism and formulates the process and ultimate aim of the development of human society from lower to higher stages. On the reform of the democratic politics of socialism, he intensively studies socialist democracy after Lenin, sums up the experiences and lessons of international communist movement and elaborates the urgency, content, procedure and goal of socialist democracy. The three theories have important theoretical and practical meanings. They will help us to correctly comprehend the essence of Marxism to creatively develop Marxism, help us to give play to historical materialism to carry out socialist reform, and help us to pay attention to and strengthen the construction of the democratization of socialism to consolidate and improve socialist system.更多还原